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词组 to
释义
to3(动词不定式符号)     

【问】 We resolve to get up earlier each morning,eat less,find more time to play with the chil-dren,do a thousand and one jobs about the house,be nice to people we don’t like,drivecarefully,and take the dog for a walk every day. (New Concept English,Book 3,L. 50)
 在几个结构相同的带to的动词不定式连用时,是重复使用to呢,还是仅仅在第一个动词不定式之前使用to,而在其余的动词不定式之前省略to呢?上面句子里的动词不定式eat,find,do,be,drive和take与to get是同等成分(均作resolve的宾语),为什么省略了动词不定式符号to呢?
 【答】 按照通常的习惯,仅仅在第一个不定式之前加动词不定式符号to,而在其余的不定式之前省略to。例如:
 1. I’d like to lie down and go to sleep.
 我想躺下进入梦乡。
 2. I wished to finish my business and get away.
 我希望干完我的事就离开。
 3. Christina hardly knew whether to laugh or cry.
 克里斯蒂娜简直不知道是应当笑还是应当哭。
 4. I thought it better to take the anthem myself than give it to a junior,who would be sureto make a mull of it.
 我想我自己来唱圣歌,比让一个年少者来唱,要好一些,他肯定会把它弄糟的。
 我记得当我在课堂上讲到这一点时,有一位学生马上问我:“To be or not to be,that isthe question.(是生存还是毁灭?这是问题之所在)这个句子为什么重复使用to呢?
 我引用了Curme的观点:当几个结构相同的动词不定式连用而表示对比或进行强调时,人们常常重复使用to。例如:
 1. It was better to laugh than to cry.
 笑比哭好。
 2. I haven't decided to go home or to stay at school this summer.
 我还没有决定今年夏天是回家还是留在学校里。
 3. I had meant to have visited Paris and to have returned to London before my father ar-rived from America. (Curme)
 我本想在我的父亲从美国到达这里之前访问一下巴黎再返回伦敦。
 4. I limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercises every morning and toread more of an evening. (New Concept English,Book 3,L. 50)
 我定了两项切实可行的措施:每早进行体育锻炼,每晚多看一些书。
 5. If you expressed doubt or surprise,he would immediately invite you to smell it and thento rub some into your skin. (New Concept English,Book 3,L. 52)
 倘若你流露出怀疑或惊讶的神情,他会立即请你闻一闻,并随即在你皮肤上涂上一点儿。
 6. I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map. (New Concept English,Book 3,L. 57)
 我停下汽车,让它冷却,并仔细查阅地图。


赵振才 编著.英语常见问题解答大词典.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社.1998.第1211-1212页.
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