请输入您要查询的英文词组:

 

词组 a number of/the number of
释义
a number of/the number of     

【问】 下面是《英语世界》1985年第2期第89条答问:
 “问[89]湛新民[江西九江三中]ALD P.854:A number of books was missing from thelibrary.《新英汉词典》P.887:A number of new products were trial-produced.以上两句都有a number,为什么又可搭配单数was,又可搭配复数were?
 答:严格地说,单数名词a number只能配单数is(was)。根据语法常规,第二句的anumber(of new products) were是错误的,但习惯用法又认为它是正确的。我们应该怎样认识这问题?原来,其中存在着错觉,即products(复数名词)与were虽然在句法上非近亲,但在地位上是比邻——因而比翼双飞了!这是一种解释。另外,我们还可以在人的思维逻辑上进一步理解这现象。在A number of new products中A number是主语,of new products的products是介词短语的宾语。在人的思维中,是new products引人注意而不是a number,因而自然而然地把宾语products错误看待为主语了!类例:Ahorde of “reasonable rebels” were gate-crashers;they ransacked the old professor's houseand robbed him of everything and anything.A group of Jap soldiers were raping Chinesewomen when a decent enough Jap scholar came along and stopped the atrocity.这两句中的暴徒与日本匪兵都是主角,即事实上的主语或真主语,而a horde与a group只是语法上的主语或假主语,故谓语没有用单数was而用复数were,形成:...‘reasonable rebels' were gate-crashers...与...Jap soldiers were raping Chinese women.”
 答者认为:A number of books was...是正确的,您同意这种说法吗?
 【答】 a number of+复数名词与the number of+复数名词是不同的。后一结构中的thenumber是中心词,而of短语在语义上是对它的限制,因此,其谓语动词必须用单数:
 1. The number of books missing from the library is large. (ALD)
 图书馆丢失的图书数目是很大的。
 2. The number of students absent is 6.
 学生缺席人数是6。
 而a number(of)并不是中心词,而是数量词,如同a lot of,lots of,several,some一样,它们都被看作是限定词,与复数名词连用时,其谓语动词应当用复数:
 1. Were there a lot of/lots of questions after the lecture? (LEG)
 讲演后有许多问题吗?
 2. There were a number of people out this afternoon. (Mansfield)
 今天下午外面有许多人。
 3. A large number of our students are American.(LEG)
 我们学生中有许多人是美国人。
 4. A number of people have applied.(RWRT)
 许多人已经申请了。
 5. A number of people have applied for the job. (CGEL)
 已经有很多人申请这个工作。
 应当强调指出,如上面的例句所表明的,权威的英语著作都一致认为,在a number of+复数名词这一结构的谓语动词应当用复数。当然,不可否认,偶而也会发现使用单数动词的情况。但现代语言学家认为这是一种非正当用法。我们在1988年和1989年版的ALD中查到的句子,其谓语用的均是复数:
 A number of books(=Some books) are missing from the library.(《牛津现代高级英汉双解词典》,P.769)
 各类考生应当牢牢记住:the number of+复数名词用单数谓语动词,a number of+复数名词用复数谓语动词。这是TOEFL等各类标准考试中经常考核的一个项目:
 


赵振才 编著.英语常见问题解答大词典.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社.1998.第15-16页.
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