【问】 下面是《英语世界》1985年第2期第89条答问: “问[89]湛新民[江西九江三中]ALD P.854:A number of books was missing from thelibrary.《新英汉词典》P.887:A number of new products were trial-produced.以上两句都有a number,为什么又可搭配单数was,又可搭配复数were? 答:严格地说,单数名词a number只能配单数is(was)。根据语法常规,第二句的anumber(of new products) were是错误的,但习惯用法又认为它是正确的。我们应该怎样认识这问题?原来,其中存在着错觉,即products(复数名词)与were虽然在句法上非近亲,但在地位上是比邻——因而比翼双飞了!这是一种解释。另外,我们还可以在人的思维逻辑上进一步理解这现象。在A number of new products中A number是主语,of new products的products是介词短语的宾语。在人的思维中,是new products引人注意而不是a number,因而自然而然地把宾语products错误看待为主语了!类例:Ahorde of “reasonable rebels” were gate-crashers;they ransacked the old professor's houseand robbed him of everything and anything.A group of Jap soldiers were raping Chinesewomen when a decent enough Jap scholar came along and stopped the atrocity.这两句中的暴徒与日本匪兵都是主角,即事实上的主语或真主语,而a horde与a group只是语法上的主语或假主语,故谓语没有用单数was而用复数were,形成:...‘reasonable rebels' were gate-crashers...与...Jap soldiers were raping Chinese women.” 答者认为:A number of books was...是正确的,您同意这种说法吗? 【答】 a number of+复数名词与the number of+复数名词是不同的。后一结构中的thenumber是中心词,而of短语在语义上是对它的限制,因此,其谓语动词必须用单数: 1. The number of books missing from the library is large. (ALD) 图书馆丢失的图书数目是很大的。 2. The number of students absent is 6. 学生缺席人数是6。 而a number(of)并不是中心词,而是数量词,如同a lot of,lots of,several,some一样,它们都被看作是限定词,与复数名词连用时,其谓语动词应当用复数: 1. Were there a lot of/lots of questions after the lecture? (LEG) 讲演后有许多问题吗? 2. There were a number of people out this afternoon. (Mansfield) 今天下午外面有许多人。 3. A large number of our students are American.(LEG) 我们学生中有许多人是美国人。 4. A number of people have applied.(RWRT) 许多人已经申请了。 5. A number of people have applied for the job. (CGEL) 已经有很多人申请这个工作。 应当强调指出,如上面的例句所表明的,权威的英语著作都一致认为,在a number of+复数名词这一结构的谓语动词应当用复数。当然,不可否认,偶而也会发现使用单数动词的情况。但现代语言学家认为这是一种非正当用法。我们在1988年和1989年版的ALD中查到的句子,其谓语用的均是复数: A number of books(=Some books) are missing from the library.(《牛津现代高级英汉双解词典》,P.769) 各类考生应当牢牢记住:the number of+复数名词用单数谓语动词,a number of+复数名词用复数谓语动词。这是TOEFL等各类标准考试中经常考核的一个项目: