释义 |
■ once可以是副词,也可以是主从连词。作为副词,once 有几个不同的意义和用法(所有各个不同的用法,都是表示过去有过,现在已经不如此了): 1) 最原始的意义,是“一次”,用来修饰一个过去时的瞬间动词,表示该动作或事件发生过一次(通常不放在句首而是放在主语与谓语动词之间,或放在谓语助动词与实义动词之间)。 - He once sleepwalked to the middle of the road outside his home at 1:00 a. m.他有一次半夜一点钟梦游走到了家门外的路中心。
- The dance hall once even had its roof blown off in World War II.跳舞厅在第二次世界大战期间甚至屋顶也被炸飞了。
如果 once 管带有从句的整个大句,就要放在句首。 - Once when we were going to Paris, I forgot my passport.有一次我们要到巴黎去,我忘记了带护照。
2) 也可以用来修饰一个过去时的延续体动词,表示该延续动作或事件或是该延续状态过去曾经存在过,但现在已不如此(通常也不放在句首),此时 once 的意义是“曾经”,不是“一次”了。 - a health care system which was once the pride of the nation昔日这个国家曾经引而自豪的医疗制度(昔日的延续状态)
- He's not as good as he once was.他不如从前了(昔日的延续状态)。
- Once I wouldn't have said anything, but now...要是从前,我就一句话也不说,可是现在…(昔日的延续状态,不是只有一次)
- The Daily News once had the highest circulation of any daily in the country. 《每日新闻》曾经是国内发行量最大的报纸(had是延续体,第一类动词)。
- He was once regarded as one of Mr. Brown's closest political advisers.他曾经被认为是布朗先生最亲信的政治顾问之一(was regarded 是延续体,第一类动词)。
- What was once a novel approach had become orthodoxy.原先是一种崭新的做法,后来却成了正统(was 是延续体,第一类动词)。
- Such roles are small beer compared with the fame she once enjoyed.这些角色,同她曾经享有过的声誉相比,只不过是一点小意思(enjoyed 是延续体,第一类动词)。
- The house where she lives was once the village post office.她现在居住的房子,从前曾经是村子的邮局。
- Where Bucharest now stands, there once was a large, dense forest.布加勒斯特现在的地点,从前是一处茂密的大森林。
- Rain water was once considered to be good for the complexion.雨水曾经被看作对脸部皮肤有好处。
但是如果 once(“从前”)管的是一整个否定句,就不能放在谓语动词后面(因为 once 不能被否定),而要放在句首。 - Once I wouldn't have said anything, but now...要是从前,我就一句话也不说,可是现在…
3) 也可以用来修饰一个过去时的瞬间动词,但是动作或事件并不限于一次,而是可以是习惯或多次反复(通常 once 不放在句首)。 - And the Navy captain, who once flew from the decks of carriers during the Vietnam War, ran away with the circus. (US News & World Report, Dec. 24, 2007, p.56)这位昔日在越南战争中多次从航空母舰的甲板驾机起飞的海军上尉,退伍干起马戏班来(昔日反复多次的瞬时动作,不是只有一次,这从 decks 与 carriers 的复数可以看出)。
4) 放在句首,谓语动词是瞬时体的第四类动词,once 表示“曾经有过一次”,但是意义重点在“曾经”而不在与“多次”相对而言的“一次”。 - Once he was almost captured.曾经有一次他几乎被抓获。
once 作为主从连词,引入一个时间从句,相当于中文的“一…就…”。这个从句中谓语动词的时态用法,同 when 从句相同(也就是:如果是过去发生的事情,主句和从句都用一般过去时;如果主句用一般将来时或是用情态动词表示将来的事,从句就用一般现在时表示将来,其余类推)。 - Once the vote was taken, things quieted down quickly.投票表决过了,事情就很快平息下来。
- Once the fire has died out, the salvage team will move in.火一熄灭,救援队就要开进去。
- Once the shrubs begin to smother the little plants, we have to move them.灌木一开始堵塞住幼苗,就要挪开。
也有主句用一般现在时来表示通常规律的,once 从句就当然也用一般现在时。 - People usually draw the curtains once it gets dark.人们通常一天黑就拉上窗帘。
- Any escape, once it's detected, sets off the alarm.任何泄漏,一经发现,就会启动警报。
once 后面的从句也可以简化为一个表语(形容词、动词过去分词或介词短语),修饰后面的句子主语。 - Once exposed, soil is quickly eroded by wind and rain.泥土一暴露在空气中,就很快被风雨所侵蚀。
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