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词组 fit, fitted, suitable, suited
释义

■ fit, fitted, suitable, suited

这几个形容词,意义都是“适合”,在大多数场合可以互用。但是除了相同点之外,也有些差别。

1) fit 可以指人、物、抽象情况,后面可以用 for 引入另一名词,也可以用 to inf. (该名词是 inf. 的逻辑主语,如是被动通常要说 to be pp,如另有逻辑主语则要用 for 引入)。

a) 用于人的。

  • a fit nominee一个合适的提名人选
  • fit for the position适合担任此职位
  • He is fit to carry out the plan.他适合执行该计划。
  • Is she fit to do the job?这个工作她适合做吗?

to be fit to inf. 还有“马上要如何如何”的负面意义。

  • She was fit to cry.她马上要哭起来了。
  • I walked and walked till I was fit to drop.我走呀走,直到马上要倒下来。

b) 用于物的。

  • a feast fit for a king一场适合国王享用的盛宴
  • water not fit to drink不适宜饮用的水
  • a seaside town fit for old people to live in适合老年人居住的海边城镇
  • a car only fit for the scrapheap一辆只配扔到废铁堆去的汽车
  • fields fit to be planted适宜种植的田野
  • a wooden image movable and fit to be carried in procession... (George Santayana)一个可移动的、适合在迎神赛会上抬着的木制神像…
  • This is not fit to eat (= to be eaten).这个不适宜食用。
  • This book is not fit for children.这本书不适合儿童阅读。
  • But when to mischief mortals bend their will, how soon they find fit instruments of ill! (Alexander Pope)但是,凡人一旦让自己的意志屈服于祸心,他们很快就会找到邪恶的适用工具!

2) 以上的 fit,可以用 suitable 来代替,但是 suitable 后面不习惯用 to inf.,通常只用 for 或 to 加名词或 for 加 -ing 动名词。指人的,

  • suitable for the job适合干这工作的。

指物的,

  • books suitable for children适合儿童阅读的书
  • disposable diapers suitable for babies up to 8 pounds适合八磅以下婴儿使用的一次性尿布
  • These shoes are not suitable for walking (*to walk).这些鞋子不适合走路。
  • These apartments are not suitable for families with children.这些公寓房不适合有孩子的人家。

指抽象事物的,

  • His conduct was not suitable to the occasion.他的行为,不适合这个场合。
  • The problem is suitable for class discussion.这个问题适合进行课堂讨论。

3) fitted 同 fit 一样可以指人的素质和条件适合某一角色,但是 fitted 通常不用来指具体物件或是抽象事物。

  • She is well fitted for this job.她很适合这个工作。
  • Those best fitted to the work will be chosen.最适合这工作的会被选上。
  • She began to wonder if she was fitted for the role of motherhood.她开始琢磨自己究竟适合不适合母亲这个角色。

Suited 的意义和用法,同 fitted 差不多。

  • He doesn't seem suited for the role.他似乎不适合这个角色。

4) fit 除了 fitted 形式外,还有一个 fitting 形式。fitting 的意义通常限于对一件事的看法尤其是做法认为它“恰如其分”或是“理所当然”。fitting 通常用于 it is fitting that... 的句型(that 可以略去)。

  • As children head back to school this fall, it is fitting that the Governor has proclaimed September as College Savings Month.正当今年秋季孩子们返校开学的时候,州长宣布九月份是“升大学积蓄月”,是做得很恰当的。
  • ... given that I have acted wrongly, it is fitting that I suffer the unpleasant experience of remorse. (Ramon M. Lemos, Rights, Goods, and Democracy, p.81)…我既然做错了,我遭遇到后悔莫及的不愉快经历,就是理所当然的。
  • It is fitting that we honor the life of a great American in a church who derived his inspiration from the church. It is fitting that we honor this great American in a church because, out of the church comes the notion of equality and justice. (George W. Bush, Honoring Martin Luther King, Jan. 20, 2003)我们今天到教堂来缅怀一位从教会获取灵感的伟大的美国人,这是理所当然的。我们到教堂来缅怀这位伟大的美国人,之所以理所当然,是因为平等与正义的观念是来自教会的。

Fitting 也可以作为前置定语放在名词前面。

  • We should offer fitting thanks to God.我们应该向上帝表示应有的感恩。

要加强语气时,除了说 it is very fitting that...之外,还可以说 it is only fitting that...

  • So it was only fitting county Democrats would return the favor Tuesday night. (The Daily Gazette, Schenectady, New York, Feb. 6, 2008, A1)本郡的民主党人星期二晚上来表示报答,那是题中应有之义。

It is fitting that 有时候还可以有“恰巧对应”的意思。

  • It is fitting that 500 years after Aug.us built this port (= Classe), his empire would end here.奥古斯都建立起这个港口后五百年,他的帝国偏巧就在这里结束。

也可以有“并非偶然”的意思。

  • It is fitting that the most sublime works in all of Europe would come from such a dynamic life.全欧洲最了不起的作品,来自此人动荡的一生,这并非偶然。

5) 与 it is fitting that 相类似,形容词 fit 也有同样结构的用法(这是 suitable, suited, fitted 都没有的),但不能只是说 it is fit that,要在 fit 前面加上 only 或 quite;如果是否定句,则可以不加,径直说 it is not fit that(从句中的谓语动词用虚拟式的 should,没有“应该”之意,或者用动词原形作为虚拟式)。

  • It is not fit that you should stay here (= It is not fit for you to stay here).你留在这里是不合适的。
  • It is not fit that you should make so much noise at table.你用餐时声音这样响是不合适的。
  • It is very important that we pursue space travel, and as Mars is our next-door-neighbor, it is only fit that we go there first.我们进行太空旅行是十分重要的,而由于火星是我们的近邻,我们先到火星去是很合适的。

6) 在 fit 前面加上及物动词 see 或 think,可以略去假宾语 it(只有 see 与 find 后面可以略去 it),再后面加 to inf. 作真宾语,表示“觉得(做某事)是合适的”。

  • He didn't think/ see fit to recognize me.他觉得认我不合适。
  • Do as you think(或 see)fit.你觉得怎样办合适就怎样办。
  • He saw fit to go to the ball without his fiancée.他觉得,不带未婚妻,自己一个人去舞会比较好。
  • He did not see fit to reply to our letter.他认为对我们的来信以不答复为妙。

如果不用 fit 而用 suitable,则假宾语 it 就不能省略。

  • We found it suitable to upgrade the interface.我们觉得,把界面升级,是合适的。

7) fit 前面加上系动词 feel 或 keep,意义就从“合适”变为“身体健康”、“精力充沛”。

  • He felt fit to travel.他觉得自己有精力去旅行。
  • The team was fit for the game.球队精力充沛备战。
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更新时间:2024/10/30 8:25:19