释义 |
■ remember, recall 与 recollect这三个动词的含义,在中文都是“回忆”、“记忆”,有时可以互用,但在“有意或无意”、“延续或瞬时”、“从无到有或保持一直有”、“指过去或将来”等方面,也有一些区别。 1) 本来通常认为,remember 是不经过努力、自然而然地记得,而 recollect 和 recall 则是努力去回忆。 - I remember long pieces of Shakespeare.我记得莎士比亚的一些很长的段落。
- He said he remembered the man well.他说他对这个人还记得很清楚。
- He remembers every detail of that occurrence as though it happened yesterday.那件事情的经过,他一五一十都记得很清楚,恍如昨日。
- The average reader of the newspaper or short story reads to forget, not to remember. (Eliot)普通的报纸或短篇小说,读者看过就忘,不是看过就记住。
- ... years —so many of them that no one remembered the exact number. (Roark Bradford)…年头—时间太久,谁也记不住有多少年了。
- Beasts and babies remember, that is, recognize; man alone recollects. (Samuel Taylor Coleridge)禽兽和婴孩自然地记忆,也就是辨认;只有人类能回忆。
- She tried to recollect some instance of goodness, some distinguished trait of integrity or benevolence, that might rescue him from the attacks of Mr. Darcy. (Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Chapter 36)她竭力要想起一两件足以说明他品行优良的事实,想起他一些为人诚实仁爱的特性,使达西先生所指责的诽谤可以不攻自破。
由于 remember 和 recollect/ recall 有这个“自然记得”和“努力回想”的区别,所以 F. W. Fowler 认为,如果要说自己记不起来,就要说 I don't remember 或 I can't recollect/recall,因为 remember 与努力无关,用 can't 不合适,要用 don't 说明这个“记得”的状态不存在;recollect/ recall 则涉及努力,说 don't 就是“自己不去努力回想”,也不合适,要说成“虽然努力但达不到目的”,所以要说 can't。 - He tried to recall what he could about the meeting.他努力尽量回忆会面的情况。
这里的 recall 也不能改为 remember。此外,由于 remember 是延续性而且是长期的,所以不常同 often 之类表示断断续续的时间副词一起使用,但 recall 则可。 - How often do you recall (*remember) that your talents and gifts come from God?你是否常常记起,你的才能和天赋是从上帝那里来的?
另外,如果 remember 表示有意志的“纪念”甚至“纪念行动”,就可以同表示意志的词语搭配。 - Those are the people who used to stand up and fight for their land. We have to remember them. (Newsweek, April 28, 2008, p.26)他们是一些敢于奋起保卫自己土地的人。我们应该纪念他们。
remember 虽然是延续性的状态,但是也可以表示“从记不起到记起来”的变化,也就是这个延续状态的开始(此时由第一类转为第四类动词,但还是指自然而然的记起来,而不是绞尽脑汁的追忆结果)。 - Finally he remembered the tiny detail that had eluded him the night before.终于他记起来了昨天夜里记不起来的那个小小的细节。
2) 但是在实际语言中,recollect 和 recall 有时候也“侵入”remember 的领域,用于无努力的自然记忆,只是没有 remember 用得那么多、那么符合规范。 - I don't recollect (= remember) ever hearing anything foolish about Rebekah. (Ellen Glasgow, Barren Ground)我不记得听过有谁说过雷贝卡的坏话。
- Thank you for recollecting (= remembering) my weakness. (Emily Dickinson)谢谢你还记得我的软弱。
- I recollect (= remember) very clearly that one day when I was out sailing it snowed. (Frances H. Eliot, New England Journeys)我记得很清楚,有一天,我出海的时候,天下雪了。
- I recollect (= remember) meeting him somewhere before.我记得从前在什么地方同他见过面。
- I can still recall the day we met.我还记得我们见面的那一天。
- I can't recall what he said.他说的什么,我记不起来了。
另一方面,remember 也有用于努力的回忆。 - I couldn't remember his name.我记不起他的名字来。
3) 不过这种互用仍然有其限制范围。recollect 和 recall 代替 remember,只能用于对过去的回忆,不能用于对目前尤其是对将来的提醒(或是要做而未做的事)。 - She gave me a list of things to remember (*recall, *recollect).她给了我一张要记住的事情的清单。
- Remember (*recall, *recollect) to go to the post office.别忘了要到邮局去一趟。
4) 至于 recollect 与 recall,前者着重在“努力回想”的过程(而且往事往往是一连串的长过程),后者则着重“回想起来”的结果(往事常压缩成为混沌的一团)。因此,recollect 可以作为第二类动词,有进行时态。 - In the film clip I saw, this woman was recollecting how people from the town came to her father and asked for the keys to his barn, which he gave them.在我看到的影片剪辑中,这个妇女在回想,当年城里的人们如何来找她父亲,问他要他马厩的钥匙,他也就给了他们。
Recall 则如果指单独一次只有一个场景的回忆,通常不用进行时态,但是如果是回忆起了一个连续的过程,也可以有进行时态。 - I was recalling his words as he challenged budgeting processes to be transparent.我当时在努力回想他敦促将预算编制过程透明化时所说的话。
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