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词组 so
释义

■ so

1) So 往往用来代替前面说过的形容词或过去分词,避免重复。此时要注意 so 究竟代替什么。例如英国著名作家 John Fowles 的《法国中尉的女人》第三章:

  • There [=in Paris] his tarnished virginity was soon blackened out of recognition; but so, as his father had hoped, was his intended marriage with the Church. (John Fowles, The French Lieutenant's Woman, Chapter 3, p.14)

刘宪之与蔺延梓的中译文是:“谁知到巴黎后,他童贞顿失,在这条路上就愈走愈远。同时,正如他父亲所希望的那样,他有意识地密切注意宗教问题。” 这里最后半句译文同原意恰恰相反,原因是对 so 的理解错了。这里 so 是呼应前半句 blackened out of recognition 的。查尔斯在伦敦冶游,童贞沾上了污点 (tarnished virginity) ,转而打算投身传教事业,但是他父亲并不愿意他当牧师,就打发他到巴黎去。到了巴黎,原先已经沾上了污点的童贞,更加变成墨黑一片 (blackened),面目全非 (out of recognition)。但是另一方面,他父亲不让他当牧师的目的达到了 (as his father had hoped) ,他原先献身教会的打算 (his intended marriage with the Church) 也 so 了,这个 so 就是 blackened out of recognition 的又一次重复。原译文误解了 so 代表什么,译成了恰恰相反的“他有意识地密切注意宗教问题”。可见遇到代表性的 so, this, that, it, he, she, they 之类,要特别注意代表什么,否则会“差以毫厘,谬以千里”。这一句试译:“到了那里,他那本来已经玷污了的童贞,更加一片乌黑,变得面目全非;不过,正如他父亲所望,他原先献身教会的意愿也同样烟消云散了。”

2) 一般都知道,英语有 so... that... 的呼应句型,表示“程度到了如此之高,以致于如何如何”。这里 so 属于主句,that 引入结果从句。但是这样的句型也可以转换为…, so...,也就是把 that 从句变为主句(that 当然去掉),so 变为引入从句的主从连词(从句主谓语颠倒)。

  • Hardly anything has been built since the early 1990s, so stagnant is the economy. (The Economist, Nov. 3, 2007, p.52) (= The economy is so stagnant that hardly anything has been built since the early 1990s.)由于经济停滞,自 20 世纪 90 年代初以来,没有多少新的建设。
  • They had barely a common language, so often did they not understand what the other had just said.(John Fowles, The French Lieutenant's Woman, Chapter 17, p.131)他们几乎没有共同的语言,往往弄不清楚对方所讲的意思。
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