释义 |
■ stead日常通用的 instead of,其实来自名词 stead(位置,状况),原先分开写成 in stead of,后来 in 和 stead 才合成为 instead。instead of 原意是“处在(某个别人)的位置上”,但是无论在英语或是其他一些欧洲语言(如法语的 au lieu de,西班牙语的 en lugar de,德语的 an Stelle,俄语的вместо),这个原意都扩大为“取(某个他人)的位置而代之”,更进一步变为否定意义的“不(如何)而代之以(如何)”。如果 of 后面不是个名词成分而是个人称代词,则通常不用 of 而将人称代词变为物主代词放在 stead 之前,不习惯说 instead of it 或 instead of her 之类。要注意的是: 1) 用物主代词放在 stead 之前,只能表示“取代”,不能表示“不(如何)而代之以(如何)”。 - On the third of November following, he expressly revokes this will, and leaves another in its stead, in which his widow is never once mentioned, and in which the whole residue of his estate, after payment of one comparatively trifling legacy, is left to a friend. (Wilkie Collins,No Name)接着,十一月三日,他明文撤销了这个遗嘱,留下另外一份,这一份根本不提到他的遗孀,剩下的家产,缴纳比较小额的遗产税后,全部留给一个朋友。
- Tidings presently reached them, of how he had met his death in a foreign land, and how John reigned as King in his stead. (J. Walker McSpadden, Robin Hood)消息很快就传到他们那里去,说他如何葬身异国,约翰又如何继他的位当了国王。
- Fought as I should have fought had I been in their stead, with the determination to take as many of my enemies with me when I died as lay within the power of my sword arm. (Edgar Rice, Warlord of Mars)我要是处在他们的地位,我就一定战斗一场,决心哪怕战死也要与我自己利剑所及的所有敌人全都同归于尽。
- America has assumed Britain's imperial mantle and rules the seas in her stead.美国继承了英国的帝国衣钵,替代英国统治着海洋。
如果要表示“不(如何)而代之以(如何)”,只能用 instead of 的结构(见 instead of 条)。 2) 通常放在 stead 前的是物主代词,但是偶尔也有用名词加“'s”的。 - (They) stay to look after the dinner in the poor cook's stead. (H. E. Marshall, English Literature for Boys and Girls)(他们)留下来代替那个可怜的厨子照应晚饭。
3) 人称代词也有放在 instead of 后面,而不改为物主代词放在 stead 前面的,但这种用法大多用于人称代词(尽管以宾格形式出现)其实是紧接在后面的一个 -ing 形式的动词现在分词的逻辑主语,此时,意义就不是“取代”,而是“否定这个,肯定另一个”。 - When you ask someone a question, and instead of them answering you they sort of reask the question to make you think of the answer yourself, what is that called?当你向别人问一个问题,别人不回答你,而是有点像把这个问题接过去再问你一遍,让你自己想想答案应该如何,这种情况叫做什么?
- Instead of you thanking us, I think it should be the other way round.我觉得,不应该是你们感谢我们,而应该是反过来我们感谢你们。
4) to stand/serve somebody in good stead 意思是“一旦需要时对某人很有用”。 - Such a lesson was to serve him in good stead later.这个教训,日后帮了他的大忙。
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