请输入您要查询的英文词组:

 

词组 surprise, amaze, astonish 与 astound
释义

■ surprise, amaze, astonish 与 astound

这几个都是瞬时的及物动词,意义大体上都是“使惊讶”,但是有细微的差别。

1) surprise 原来有军事上的“出其不意,攻其无备”的含义。

  • R. A. F. bombers surprised a large invasion training exercise and inflicted heavy losses. (William Lawrence Shirer)(英国)王家空军轰炸机突袭了(德军的)一场大型渡海作战演习,使之遭受重创。

这个动词,也扩大用于非军事方面(“撞破”)。

  • A detective surprised him (in the act of) breaking into the warehouse.他正在闯入仓库时,被一名侦探撞破了。

所以,surprise 着重“突然”、“无备”,而不着重“惊慌”的心理效果,甚至不涉及双方对抗的场合,只要是“忽然”,也可以用。

  • Housemaids must vanish silently if surprised at their tasks. (Victoria Mary Sackville-West)女仆们如果干活时忽然有人前来,就应该静悄悄地退出。

而且,涉及的甚至可以是好事。

  • She surprised her parents with a present on their wedding anniversary.她送给父母一件结婚纪念礼物,让他们来个惊喜。

但是 surprise 用于被动句,则转为着重“惊讶”的心理效果。

  • She could no longer be surprised by anything he might say or do.他无论说什么,做什么,她再也不感到惊讶了。

2) amaze 着重“惊奇”的心理效果。引起“惊奇”的原因,可以是负面的,但常常是正面的。

  • The circus amazed and delighted the children.马戏让孩子们看了感到惊奇和高兴。
  • I'm amazed by
  • at his rapid progress in English.他的英语进步这么快,使我感到惊讶。
  • That he should even speak to her was amazing! —but to speak with such civility, to enquire after her family! (Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Chapter Forty-three)他居然还会走上前来跟她说话,光是这一点,就叫人够惊奇的了;何况他出言吐语,以及问候她家里人的平安,又是那么彬彬有礼!

amaze 也可以是中性的。

  • She was amazed to hear the news.她听到消息很惊讶。

news 可能是好的也可能是负面的(但不是“惊讶”到不得了)。

  • I'm amazed (that) he should have accepted the offer.他接受了这个提议,我感到大惑不解。

3) astonish 有人认为来自 stone,也有人认为来自拉丁文 ex(外来)+ tonāre(雷鸣),无论如何,都有点“使惊讶得目瞪口呆”的意思,正面负面都可以。

  • I was astonished to learn that he had resigned.我听说他辞了职,十分惊讶。
  • ... while still an undergraduate... (he) had astonished the scientific world by his acceleration of the metamorphosis of the tadpole. (Sir Compton Mackenzie)…他还是个大学本科生的时候…就已经加速了蝌蚪的变形过程,使得科学界大为惊讶。

surprise 同 astonish 相比,有一个有趣的故事。据说英国词汇学家 Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709—1784) 有一次同女仆人调情,被妻子撞破。当时妻子说:I am surprised. 他马上纠正妻子说:No, Madam; I am surprised; you are astonished. 这是因为 surprise 着重“出其不意”而不着重其造成的“震惊”心情,而这种心情则是 astonish 所表现的。

4) astound 也是来自拉丁文 ex(外来)+ tonāre(雷鸣),“惊讶”的力度又比 astonish 强,接近于“震惊”。

  • Her love affair astounded her parents, who abruptly put an end to it.她的偷情行为使父母大为震惊,猛然加以制止。

5) startle 也是“惊讶”,意思同 astonish 差不多,但是有时候带有“惊动”的“动”意,着重“把(某人)从不注意或不知觉的状态中猛然唤醒出来”。正面负面都可以。

  • startle a person out of
  • from his sleep …把某人从睡眠状态中弄醒过来
  • The barking of a dog startled me.一只狗的吠声惊动了我。
  • He was startled to see how beautiful she was.她是那么美丽,他一看就觉得惊艳。
目录
随便看

 

英语用法大全包含2228条英语用法指南,基本涵盖了全部常用英文词汇及语法点的翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/4/5 19:12:21