释义 |
■ while1) while 本来是个连词,引入时间从句,这个从句的谓语动词按照一般语法书的规定,应该是延续的(同 when 的区别见 when)。 - Make hay while the sun shines.趁天晴抓紧打草,趁热打铁。
- Keys cut while you wait.配钥匙立等可取。
不过,这个从句有时候会简化,或者只剩下表语,或者只剩下状语。 - They don't drink while on duty.他们值班时不喝酒。
- While prime minister of India between 1980 and 1984, Indira Gandhi had allowed Tamil militants to run training camps on Indian soil. (World Policy Journal, Winter 2003
- 04, p.64)英迪拉·甘地 1980 年至 1984 年任印度总理期间,曾经允许泰米尔分子在印度领土上举办训练营。
- While at the University of Illinois, he invented a powerful scientific programming language that has made him rich.在伊利诺大学期间,他发明了一种功效强大的科学程序设计语言,因而致富。
简化后,要注意 while 引入的短语结束了就不要再继续找其实并不存在的 while 从句其他成分。 - The families of the two innocent men who died while behind bars accused the federal government of malicious prosecution.两名在监狱中死去的无辜者的家属,指责联邦政府恶意控告。
这里,到了 behind bars,while 的任务已经完成,就不要误以为 while 引入的是个从句,误以为这个 behind bars 只不过是从句开头的一个状语成分,而继续去“完成”这个“从句”。同样: - He died of a heart attack while at the controls of the plane.他在驾驶飞机时心脏病发作死去了。
2) 但是,在实际语言中,while 引入的从句内,谓语动词也可以是瞬时的第四类动词,意思是“在某行动或事件即将发生但尚未发生的期间中”(意义与 until 相近),主句谓语动词则必须是延续的。 - Please wait while your computer shuts down.请等候您的电脑关闭。
- His trial was delayed for a second week while he recovers from the flu.他的开庭审讯再延后一周,等他的流感恢复。
- We waited a few minutes outside his office while he finished up his meeting.我们在他办公室外面等了几分钟,等他把会开完。
- After the appetizer, we waited while our hostess began to put the main course.吃过了开胃菜后,我们就等候女主人开始上主菜。
- I just needed a place to stay while I found a new apartment.我但是只是要有个地方呆一下,再找一处公寓。
不过,主句和从句,总必须有一个使用表示延续状态或过程的谓语动词,例如上面几个例句中,主句的谓语动词分别是 wait,was delayed, waited,都是延续性的。也可以从句延续而主句瞬时。 - The shooting happened while the man was trying to evade capture by the security forces.枪击是正当那个男子企图逃脱治安警察的抓捕时发生的。
3) while 引入的从句不一定表示“同时”,有时候可以表示“虽然”(此时动词体貌不受限制)。 - While he's not exactly brilliant, he's a good student.他尽管算不上高材,但也是个好学生。
- And while there were limits, obviously, to the closeness of Andrew's scrutiny, he was satisfied that no serious malpractice problem had existed.安德鲁的监督,尽管严密性显然有限,但是他仍然看到,没有发生严重医疗事故的问题,也就满意了。
在这个意义上,while 后面也可以不是从句,而是定语或状语成分。 - The situation, while tense, seems unlikely to lead to war.局势虽然紧张,但是看来不会导致战争(while 后面是定语)。
- One must encourage them, while not raising their hopes unrealistically.应该鼓励他们,但又不要助长他们不切实际的希望(while 后面是状语)。
4) while 还可以引入从句表示另一件事作为对比。 - I'm Catholic, while Debbie is Jewish.我是天主教徒,黛比则是犹太教徒。
这个对比,同 when 引入的对比不同。when 引入的对比是彼此相反的强烈对比,while 则只是表示两者的不同,不强调相反;而且 when 往往谈同一件事本身包含的自相矛盾,while 则往往谈两件事的差异(中文常用“则”字)。试比较: - How can I ever get a job in America when (*while) I can't even speak English?我连英语都不会说,又怎么能够在美国找到工作呢?
- How silly we are to sit around inside when (*while) outside it is so lovely.外面这么好,咱们呆在屋里多么笨。
- Fred gambled his money away while (*when) Julia spent hers all on dresses and bric-a-brac.弗雷德把自己的钱赌博赌掉,朱丽亚则把钱花在衣服和摆设上。
- Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe, while (*when) Paris is at the heart of the continent.从地理上说,英国位于欧洲的边沿,而巴黎则是在大陆的中心。
目录 |