1. 苦的，有苦味的　 having a sharp taste like aspirin or unsweetened coffee; not sweet
2. 难以接受的，引起悲伤的，不受欢迎的　 difficult to accept causing sorrow; unwelcome
3. 怨恨的，失望的　 caused by, feeling or showing envy, hated or disappointment
4. A 严寒的，刺骨的　 piercingly cold

　～ almonds　苦杏仁
　～ apple　药西瓜
　～ argument　激烈的争论
　～ chill　刺骨的寒气
　～ cold　刺骨的寒冷
　～ complaints　愤恨的控诉
　～ disappointment　极度的失望
　～ end　最后，终结，死亡
　～ enemies　死敌
　～ experience　惨痛的教训
　～ fighting　鏖战
　～ foes　死敌
　～ hardships　难以忍受的艰辛
　～ hatred　刻骨的仇恨
　～ lesson　痛苦的教训
　～ man　不好惹的人
　～ pill　不得不吞下的苦果
　～ quarrel　激烈的争吵
　～ sorrow　极度的悲伤
　～ taste　苦味；后悔和不安的强烈感觉
　～ wine　带苦味的葡萄酒
　～ winter　寒冬
　～ wound　重伤
　taste ～　尝起来苦
　～ about　因…而痛苦
　～ against　强烈反对

　Quinine has a bitter taste.　奎宁有苦味。
　It tasted of bitter almonds.　这有苦杏仁的味道。
　Bitter complaints could be heard here and there.　到处怨声载道。
　He did the hard work without any bitter words.　他毫无怨言地做这项艰苦的工作。
　None failed to shed bitter tears when they read the letter.　读信的人无不洒下辛酸的眼泪。
　The bitter lesson had a lasting effect on him.　这痛苦的教训对他产生了持久的影响。
　She learned a lot from bitter experience.　她从惨痛的经验中懂得了许多。
　Defeat in the election was a bitter pill for him to swallow.　在选举中失败是他难以下咽的苦果。
　The young couple split up after a bitter quarrel.　那一对年轻夫妇大吵一场就离婚了。
　I had never known such bitter cold.　我从来不知道有这样刺骨的寒冷。
　The bitter winter was coming.　寒冬到了。
　Beer tastes bitter.　啤酒品尝起来有些苦。
　Good medicines taste bitter.　良药苦口。
　He is still bitter that he was once cold-shouldered.　曾经受过冷遇，对此他至今怀恨在心。
　She is bitter about her divorce.　她对离婚感到很伤感。
　The manufacturers felt bitter about the increase in tax.　厂商们对提高税收感到很愤怒。
　I'm still bitter about that.　对此我仍耿耿于怀。
　He is bitter about not obtaining the visa from the embassy.　拿不到大使馆的签证，他深感痛苦。
　He was bitter about not being admitted to the bar.　他对未获得律师资格耿耿于怀。
　He was bitter against his wife.　他对妻子心怀不满。
　They are all bitter against the new plans.　他们都强烈反对新计划。
　He's bitter at his wife for refusing to give him a divorce.　他恨他妻子不同意和他离婚。
　He is bitter in his condemnation of terrorism.　他言辞激烈地谴责恐怖主义。
　They grew very bitter over the project.　他们对这项计划十分不满。
　It is bitter to the mouth.　它有苦味。

U 苦啤酒 bitter beer strongly flavoured with hops

　a cup of ～　一杯苦啤酒
　a pint of ～　一品脱苦啤酒

　I prefer coffee to bitter.　我喜欢咖啡，不喜欢苦啤酒。
　A pint of bitter, please.　请来一品脱苦啤酒。
　I would like a (cup of) bitter.　我想来一杯苦啤酒。
　He drinks a cup of bitter every day.　他每天都喝一杯苦啤酒。

　［同义词］ adj. acid, cruel, fierce, harsh, hostile, painful, resentful, sharp, sour
　［反义词］ adj. bland, delicious, genial, mellow, pleasant, sweet
　［词源］　古英语bitan（咬的）