| 词组 | client |
| 释义 | client A few commentators—Copperud 1970, 1980, Shaw 1975, Chambers 1985, Janis 1984—comment on client and customer. The gist of their comments is that a customer buys goods while a client buys services from a professional and especially a lawyer. As a general rule this observation is true, even if some stores catering to high-class trade prefer to think of their customers as clients, as Janis observes. If you remember to construe professional broadly, most of the following examples are not out of line: • ... frequently represented clients in the federal courts —Current Biography, October 1967 • It is not so bad for a client and architect to serve a common public purpose —Roger G. Kennedy, Smithsonian, November 1982 • Other commission agents act as buyers for their clients —Neida W. Roueche, Business Mathematics, 1969 • Catholic schools are expected by their clients to maintain standards —John Cogley, Saturday Rev., 15 Oct. 1966 • Hoteliers are reluctant to disclose the extent to which their light-fingered guests help themselves, not wanting to brand their clients as pilferers —Michael S. Lasky, TV. Y. Times, 27 Jan. 1974 • ... like a client in a brothel maintaining his dignity during a police raid —Robert J. Clements, Saturday Rev., 17 July 1971 • ... pawnshop owner ... , his relationships with his clients —Current Biography, June 1965 • ... reportedly got into a fist fight with a nightclub client —Current Biography, July 1965 • ... a fine meal tastes infinitely better to a cold client than to a hot one —Richard Eder, Saturday Rev., 8 Jan. 1977 • With the growing importance of institutional clients stockbrokers have invested heavily in research departments —Jack Revell, The British Financial System, 1973 The distinction between goods and services, may, however, be blurred occasionally, as you can see. Janis 1984 remarks on the euphemistic use of client for the recipient of social services; this use dates back to the 1920s and seems to be a true euphemism—the agencies did not think people wanted to be referred to as cases. Over the years the social-service use has been extended in various directions to other government agencies—police, tax collectors, urban renewal specialists. Much of this seems to have occurred in British usage, but we do have American evidence from former federal budget chief David Stockman, who uses the term apparently for those groups that do or do not get federal subsidies: • For now, Stockman would concede this much: that "weak clients" suffered for their weakness —William Greider, Atlantic, December 1981 This sort of use brings client full circle and back to its early meaning "dependent." |
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