【问】 您在前面说过,分词短语充当状语时,其逻辑主语应当是句子的语法主语。为什么下面的句子不符合这种要求? Broadly speaking,adjectives are words that qualify nouns. (FWF) 粗略地说,形容词是修饰名词的词。 【答】 关于这种句型,张道真教授编著的《实用英语语法》说:“间或可以用一个分词短语来解释整个一句话。”章振邦等主编的《新编英语语法》只是说“generally speaking,judgingfrom...talking of...,assuming...等等已经成为固定用语,”而没有作进一步的解释。Ox-ford English则作了如下的解释:当分词短语的逻辑主语可以理解为one或people时,则分词短语的逻辑主语可以与句子的语法主语不一致。例如: 1. Judging from his appearance,he can’t be over forty. 从他的外貌来看,他不可能超过40岁。 2. Taking everything into consideration,you were lucky to escape. 从各方面考虑,你能逃离真是幸运。 3. Generally speaking,boys are more interested in such activities than girls. 一般说来男孩对这种活动兴趣比女孩子大。(《实用英语语法》,P.344) 上面的分词短语分别相当于“If one judges...”,“If one takes...”,“If one speaks...”。 A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language(§15.59)对于这种分词短语的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的现象作了更为详细的阐述。作者们提出了四种情况: A.分词短语隐含的主语常常是I: Putting it mildly,you have caused us some inconvenience. 说得温和一些,你给我们造成了一些不便。 B.分词短语隐含的主语是整个句子: The siren sounded,indicating that the air raid was over. [“...which indicatedthat...”] (CGEL) 警报响起来了,证明空袭结束了。 C.分词短语隐含的主语是不定代词或支持词it: When dining in the restaurant,a jacket and tie are required. [“When one dines...”](CGEL) 在饭店吃饭,必须穿西服系领带。 D.在正式的科学论著中,分词短语隐含的主语是I,we或you(即作者或读者): When treating patients with language retardation and deviation of language develop-ment,the therapy consists,in part,of discussions of the patient’s problems with parents and teachers,with subsequent language teaching carried out by them. (CGEL) 在治疗语言迟钝和语言发育不正常的患者时,其疗法的一部分就是同他们的父母和教师讨论患者所存在的问题,随后由患者的父母和教师来进行语言教育。 (参见V-ing2)