【问】 《朗文常用英语正误词典》(上海译文出版社，P.279)说下面的句子是错误的：

I told him he would have to replace the broken lid by a new one.

原因是：replace sth.with sth. else，不用by。但是，我却看到过用by的例句：

He pulled his house down and replaced it by a bigger one，(Hill)

【答】 《朗文常用英语正误词典》的上述说法带有片面性。实际上，replace A with B结构中的with亦可用by来代替，尽管前一结构用得比较普遍。请看下面的实例：

1. In London，after the war，damaged buildings were quickly demolished and replaced bynew buildings.

战后，伦敦市内受到损坏的建筑物很快被拆除，并在原地方盖起了新的建筑物。

2. We had to replace butter by (or with) margarine. (MEG)

我们不得不用人造黄油来代替黄油。

3. We have replaced slave labour with(by) machines. (LDCE)

现在已用机器代替了劳工。

当主动形式的replace A with (by) B变为被动形式时，则主要是使用介词by：

1. Mr Smith was replaced by Mr Brown as secretary. (Wood)

由布朗先生接替史密斯先生担任秘书。

2. The book that had been lost was replaced by a new one.

丢失的那本书已用一本新书来代替。