【问】 名词的所有格作定语(N1's+N2)时,它与中心词(N2)的关系只是“所有”的关系吗? 【答】 定语与其中心词之间的关系往往是非常复杂的。例如,在his car,his failure,his arrest,his goodness这四个词组里,语法结构都是一样的;从句法上说,都是定语+中心词;从词法上说,都是物主代词+名词。但是,定语跟其中心词之间的语义关系却是各不相同的。his car在语义上等于“他有车”(可概括为A占有B);his failure在语义上等于“他失败了”(可概括为A做了B);his arrest在语义上等于“他被捕了”(可概括为A是B的动作客体);his goodness在语义上等于“他是善良的”(可概括为B是A的特性)。①当定语为名词所有格时,情况亦是如此。例如,my uncle’s pictures的意思可能是:叔叔绘制的图画、叔叔占有的图画、叔叔收集的图画、叔叔配架的图画,叔叔修补的图画,等等。 R.Quirk等人在A Grammar of Conte mporary English(P.193)中对名词所有格的意义所作的阐述,对于我们理解和翻译这种结构是很有帮助的,故援引如下: 名词所有格 类似结构 (a)所有性 my son’s wife my son has a wife Mrs Johnson’s passport Mrs Johnson has a passport my money I have money 比 较 the gravity of the earth the earth has gravity (b)主语性 the boy’s application the boy applied his parents’consent his parents consented my departure I departed 比较the dip of the compass needle the compass needle dipped (c)本源性 the girl’s story the girl told a story the general’s letter the general wrote a letter your telegram you sent a telegram (d)宾语性 the family’s support (...)supports the family the boy’s release (...)released the boy her promotion (...)promoted her 比较a statement of the facts (...)stated the facts (e)描述性 a women’s college a college for women a summer’s day a summer day/a day in the summera doctor’s degree a doctoral degree/a doctorate cow’s milk milk from cows 比较an absence of ten days the absence lasted ten days