【问】 英语里都有哪些手段来表示让步关系?
 【答】 英语里表达让步关系的手段非常丰富。
 A.介词：with，with all，for all，in spite of，despite，notwithstanding，irrespective of(其中ir-respective本身为形容词)，regardless of
 1. With the best of intentions，he failed completely. (COD)
 尽管他有最好的意图，但却完全失败了。
 2. With all his roughness，he has a heart of gold. (PAP)
 虽然他粗俗，但他有一颗金子般的心。
 3. For all this noise I managed to get some sleep. (CGEL)
 尽管有嘈杂声，我还是睡了一会儿。
 4. I admire him，in spite of his faults. (CGEL)
 虽然他有缺点，但是我很敬佩他。
 5. Despite the heavy rain，the party set out in the morning. (TOEFL，72. 6)
 尽管雨下得很大，但是这批人一清早就出发了。
 6. The law will go into force，any other agreements notwithstanding.(=Notwithstandingany other agreements，the law will go into force. )(LDCE)
 尽管有其他的协议，法律仍将生效。
 7. He is going to buy it irrespective of what you say. (ELD)
 不管你说什么，他也要把它买下来。
 8. Regardless of danger，he climbed the tower. (LDCE)
 他不顾危险攀上了塔顶。
 应当指出的是，上面的介词虽然基本语义相同，但是语体是有区别的。其中with all，forall最为口语化，despite比in spite of更为正式，notwithstanding最为正式，常常用于法律文件中，当它后置时，尤其如此。
 B.从属连词although，though，even though，while，whilst(主要用于英国英语)，when，if，even if，whereas，whether... or，regardless of whether
 1. They are generous although they are poor. (LDCE)
 他们虽穷，却很慷慨。
 2. Though the sore be healed，yet a scar may remain. (Prov)
 伤口虽愈合，伤痕却永留。
 3. She won't leave the TV set，even though her husband is waiting for his supper. (ALD)
 虽然她丈夫等待着吃晚饭，但她就是不离开电视机。
 4.While they are my neighbors，I don't know them well.(MD)(作“虽然”解的while大都放在句首)
 虽然他们是我的邻居，但我并不很熟悉他们。
 5. He walks when he might take a taxi.
 他虽然可乘出租车，却总是步行。
 6. If she’s poor，at least she's honest. (LDCE)
 她虽然贫穷，但至少是诚实的。
 7. Even if you dislike ancient monuments，Warwick castle is worth a visit. (CGEL)
 即使你不喜欢古迹，沃维克古堡也是值得一看的。
 8. He thought I was lying，whereas I was telling the truth. (Chambers)
 虽然我说的是实话，但他却认为我在说谎。
 9. Whether she be right or wrong，she will have my unswerving support.
 不管她对还是错，她都将得到我坚决的支持。
 C.特殊语序的从属连词as，though和that(参见相应的词条)
 1. Try as he may，he never succeeds. (Curme)
 尽管他很努力，但他绝不会成功。
 2. Fail though I did，I would not abandon my goal.
 我虽然失败了，但我绝不放弃我的目标。
 3. Fool that he was，he managed to evade his pursuers. (CGEL)
 尽管他很傻，但是他设法躲开了追捕他的人。
 D.由what，whatever，however，no matter how，no matter what，no matter who(where)所引导的从句
 1. Say what you will，I shall still trust to my own judgement. (GPU)
 不管你说什么，我还是依靠我自己的判断。
 2. Come what may，you'll always keep a secret. (Mis)
 不管发生什么情况，你也要永远保守秘密。
 3. I'll post that letter whatever Wilson says. (Greene)
 不管威尔逊说什么，我也要把那封信寄出去。
 4. However cold it is，she always goes swimming. (LDCE)
 不管天气多么冷，她也总去游泳。
 5. He had to get the car fixed no matter how much it cost.
 他必须把汽车送去修理，不管花多少钱。
 6. No matter what you do，don't touch this switch. (PEG)
 不管你干什么，也不要碰这个开关。
 7. You can't go in no matter who you are. (DAI)
 不管你是谁，你也不能进去。
 E.某些由or所连接的两个意义相反的词语
 1. Right or wrong，this is my temper.
 不管正确与否，这是我的性格。
 2. The parade will start promptly，rain or shine. (DAI)
 游行将立即开始，不管天晴还是下雨。
 F.助动词may，尤其是在may... but结构中(参见may)
 1. Ben may only be ten，but he plays the guitar beautifully. (CGEL)
 本虽然才10岁，但吉他却弹得非常好。
 2. I may be only a servant，but I have my pride. (Wood)
 虽然我只是个仆人，但是我是有自尊心的。
 G.副词still，yet，however，nevertheless，nonetheless，anyway，anyhow，notwithstanding，起副词作用的短语all the same
 1. She didn't get the award after all. Still，her results were very good. (CGEL)
 她终究未获得奖金，尽管她的成果非常好。
 2. He may not like my visit，but I shall go and see him anyhow(whether he likes it or not ).
 虽然他不喜欢我去探访，但无论如何我还是要去看他。
 3. He's charming; nevertheless，I don't quite trust him. (FWF)
 他很吸引人，尽管如此，我还是不大信任他。
 4. Notwithstanding，the case must be prosecuted. (CGEL)
 不管情况如何，这个案件必须进行下去。
 5. He had worked hard but all the same he failed the exam. (CGEL)
 他学习很努力，但是他仍然没有考及格。
 H.形容词、分词短语(可含有或不含有从属连词)
 1. Aware of the dangers to American citizens during the crisis，she still insisted on stayingwith the others. (CGEL)
 她虽然知道危机期间美国公民所面临的危险，但仍然坚持同其余的人留在一起。
 2. Trained in karat，he nevertheless used a gun to defend himself. (CGEL)
 虽然他受过空手道训练，但他却用手枪来保护自己。
 I. be的虚拟式：
 1. Be he friend or foe，the law regards him as a criminal. [“Whether he is(or be) friend orfoe... ”] (CGEL)
 不管他是朋友，还是敌人，法律把他看作是罪犯。
 2. Be it very late，I have to continue my experiment.
 虽然很晚了，我还得继续做实验。
 3. All magnets have two poles，be they large or small.
 所有的磁铁不论大小都有两个极。
 4. Being that as it may，his first Mexican sojourn imbued Vaughn with a lifelong passion for Latin America. (TOEFL，79. 2)(应将Being改Be)
 尽管如此，沃恩第一次旅居墨西哥就使他终生爱上了拉丁美洲。