【问】 attain与obtain都是及物动词，很容易用混。请辩析。

【答】 attain可译为“达到”“实现”、“完成”，含有极强的抱负和渴望之意，有时则含有经过巨大努力才得以实现的意思，常见的搭配有：attain the end (goal) (达到目的)，attain one’shope (object)(实现希望/达到目标)。obtain可译为“获得”、“取得”、“找到”，不含有难以达到的意思，常见的搭配有：obtain a prize(获得奖金)，obtain a loan (获得一笔贷款)，obtainknowledge(获得知识) obtain an experience(获得经验)。请对比下列实例：

1....the qualities which enabled him to attain his ambitions... (EED)

……使他得以实现雄心壮志的品质……

2. They were unable to attain their objectives. (Hazen)

他们未能达到他们的目的。

3. Howard had failed to obtain a scholarship. (Priestley)

霍华德未能得到奖学金。

4. She obtained her degree in 1951...

她在1951年获得了学位……

请做下面的英语试题：

1. Scientists desire that more information about the sun and its satellites________ from further researches.

A. be obtained B. can obtain

C. obtained D. could be obtained

2. In order to learn to be one's true self，it is necessary to________ a wide and extensiveknowledge of what has been said and done in the world.

A. obtain B. attain C. inquire

3. Molds cannot produce their own food ____ their nourishment from living on dead or-ganic matter or on other living matter.

A. obtain B. obtaining

C. but obtain D. is obtained(TOEFL，82. 1)

4. ____ pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then smelted and finally refined.A. Obtaining B. Being obtained

C. To obtain D. It is obtained (TOEFL，82. 8)