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词组 effort(s)
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effort(s)     

【问】 effort(s)都有哪些译法?
 【答】 effort(s)有许多含义,但大都跟“努力”有关。因此,我们最容易犯的毛病就是见到ef-fort(s)就译为“努力”。为了避免犯这类错误,我们先来研究一下effort (s)的最常见译法。
 1. It doesn't need much of an effort.
 这不需要花多大的力量。
 2. He did it with little effort.
 他做这件事没有怎么费力。
 3. His novel is really a fine effort.
 他的那部小说真是文学上的杰作。
 4. It was a difficult decision for Einstein. All his life he had devoted to efforts to buildworld peace.
 爱因斯坦很难作出决定。他已经把他的一生奉献给建立世界和平的事业。
 5. The Canadian guest says:“One of the pleasures I have had was the firsthand knowledgeobtained of the great significance attached to Norman Bethune's unselfish efforts bythe Government of New China. ”
 这位加拿大客人说:“我直接了解到新中国的政府对白求恩忘我奋斗的活动是十分重视的,这是使我感到极为愉快的事情之一。”
 6. The brief inventory of the results of efforts over a decade suffices to show the growingimportance of machine translation.
 简要地列举一下最近十年来所做工作的成果,就足以说明机器翻译日益增长的重要性。
 7. The team was supplemented during the height of the design effort by a few engineers.在设计工作的高潮期间,设计组里又补充了几名工程师。
 8. Ralah Buncke won a Nobel Prize in 1950 for his peacemaking efforts as a United Na-tions diplomat.
 A. requests B. attempts C. offers D. trips
 拉尔夫·本克由于他作为联合国的外交官在调解方面所作的贡献于1950年获得了诺贝尔奖。
 让我们再来考察几个将efforts一律译为“努力”的译文:
 (1)Most of his other efforts,however,were politely ignored. (American Men of Scienceand Invention,P. 96)
 [原译]但他的绝大部分其他方面的努力,都被有礼貌地搁置起来了。(中译本)
 “努力”如何能被他人“搁置起来”呢?原来effort还有一个意思:“成果”、“成就”、“作品”(sth. done with effort,result of effort,achievement)。
 [试译]但是,他的其它方面的研究成果,大部分都被有礼貌地回绝了。
 (2) It is therefore likely that the scientific efforts of individual countries will tend to be uni-fied and co-ordinated by supra-national entities,and the more this is done,the greaterthe probability that supra-national governments will eventually be set up.
 [原译]因此,情况很可能是各(个)别国家的科学努力将由跨(国)机构来进行统一和协调。而且这方面的工作做得越多,最后建立跨国管理机构的可能性就越大。(《科技英语理解与翻译》,P.65)
 首先,“科学”与“努力”搭配是不够恰当的,其次,“科学努力”由……来“统一”和“协调”,也欠通。其实,这里的scientific efforts可译为“科学研究工作”、“科学活动”或“科学工作计划”。类例:
 1. The advent of large computers has created apprehension among mathematicians and sci-entists. It is feared that scientific efforts will be pushed into the background or replacedby purely mechanical habits of research.
 大型计算机的问世,在数学家和自然科学家中间引起了忧虑。他们害怕,科学研究工作将会被推到次要地位或者被纯粹机械的研究方法所代替。
 2. Einstein’s contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific ef-fort.
 爱因斯坦的贡献说明了理论工作对科学研究的巨大重要性。
 (3) Otherwise,little outcome can be expected from scientific and technological ef forts,andthe present pattern of concentration in and dominance by developed countries will bebound to continue.
 [原译]否则,人们无法指望科技方面的努力能有多大的成果,而且目前科技集中于发达国家以及由发达国家进行控制的格局,也必然会继续下去。((《英译汉翻译手册》,P.442)
 把scientific and technological efforts译为“科学技术活动”,可能比较符合原意。
 (4)〔... the launching of a manned space vehicle,or the creation of a nuclear weapon...〕.Such gigantic ef forts,involving an entire nation’s economic and technological resourcesand utilizing the skills of thousands of scientists and engineers,are widely publicizedand become identified as the real purpose of scientific investigation.(研考英语试题)[原译][……发射有人驾驶的宇宙飞船或制造原子武器……]这样巨大的努力,包括整个国家的经济资源和技术资源,以及利用千千万万科学家与工程师的技能,被广泛地宣传着,而且普遍认为是科学研究的真正目的。
 [试译]……这样一些牵涉到整个国家经济技术资源和运用千千万万科学家与工程师技能的重大事业,得到了广泛的宣传,常常被看成是科学研究的真正的目的。
 5) Since Einstein’s death in 1955,however,new theoretical and experimental effortshave renewed support for the existence of such a unified field theory,including nuclearforces as well as gravity and electromagnetism.(攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题,1980)
 [原译]然而自从1955年爱因斯坦去世以来,很多新的理论上和实验上的努力提供了新论据,证明存在这样一种统一的场论,不仅包括重力和电磁现象,而且包括核子力。(参考答案)
 [试译]然而,自从1955年爱因斯坦去世以来,许多新的理论研究和实验结果提供了证据,证明确实存在这样一种统一的场论,它不仅包括万有引力和电磁力,而且还包括核子力。


赵振才 编著.英语常见问题解答大词典.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社.1998.第356-358页.
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