【问】 1. “What will we do if it rains the day of the picnic?”“I guess we’ll____. ”
 A. call it off B. cancel it off C. call off it D. cancel off it(TOEFL，74. 1)
 2. To visit a person is to call____him.
 A. before B. about C. at D. on(TOEFL，71. 3)
 句(1)的正确答案为A (call it off)，句(2)的正确答案为D (call on him)。我不明白为什么在call it off中代词it必须放在小品词off之前，而在call on him中代词him必须放在小品词on之后。
 【答】 这是托福等各类考试中经常考核的项目。首先要弄清楚动词+小品词(副词或介词)结构可分两大类：
 A.短语动词(phrasal verb)，例如：set up(建立)，put away(拿走)，find out(发现)，bring up(培养)，turn on[开(灯)]，hand in(交上)，call off(取消)，give in(放弃)。switch on[打开(灯)]，take in(欺骗)。
 B.介词动词(prepositional verb)，例如：look at(看)，cope with(妥善处理)，care for(喜欢，关怀)，approve of(赞成)，go into(调查，探究)。
 这两类动词在语法上的重大区别是：
 (一)A类动词(短语动词)的小品词 (up，away，out，on，in，off等等)可以看作是副词，它们可以与动词粘连在一起使用，也可以与动词分开，也就是说，它们可以放在宾语的前面，也可以放在宾语的后面(取SVOA语序)：
 1.
 我要开收音机。
 2. Since John cannot come tonight，we are going to put the party off until next week.(IME)
 因为约翰今晚不能来，我们将把聚会延到下星期。
 3. When you go to bed，be sure to put your cigarette out before you put out the lights.(IME)
 当你去睡觉时，在熄灯前一定要把烟熄灭。
 4. I cannot make my mind up whether to go or not. (IME)
 我决定不下来，是去还是不去。
 5. Do you look your old friends up when you go back to your home town? (IME)
 你回家乡时是否要同你的老朋友取得联系呢?
 6. Mr. Stone has made his business over to his son. (IME)
 斯通先生已把他的公司交给他的儿子。
 7. Why don’t you shut that motor off when you are not using it? (IME)
 为什么在你不使用电动机的时候不把它关掉?
 8. I am going to take these gloves back to the store; they do not fit. (IME)
 我要把这付手套退回商店，因为戴起来不合适。
 9. Congress will take the proposal up next week. (IME)
 国会下周将讨论这个议案。
 10. I have already worn these shoes out. (IME)
 我已经把这双鞋穿破了。
 11. Have you worked that puzzle out yet? (IME)
 你已解决那个难题了吗?
 而B类动词(介词动词)中的小品词则必须强制性放在宾语之前：
 1. She called on her friends.
 她访问了她的朋友。
 2. Look at the camera，please. (Wood)
 请看一看这台照相机。
 (二)当宾语为人称代词时，短语动词中的小品词必须放在代词之后，而介词动词中的小品词则必须放在代词之前：
 1. Call me up after the meeting. (IME)
 请会后给我打电话。
 2. Lane's grandparents brought him up because his parents had died when he was sixmouths old.
 莱恩的祖父母将他养大，因为他的父母在他六个月时就死了。
 3. She called on them. (CGEL)
 她拜访了他们。
 4. She stood in the road looking after him. (Wells)
 她站在路上照看他。
 (三)朗读重音：短语动词中的小品词(可分开的小品词)要重读，而介词动词中的小品词则要轻读。
 请做下面的试题：
 1. “Is the radio bothering you?” “It certainly is. I’d like it_______ off. ”
 A. turning B. to turn
 C. turned D. truns(TOEFL，70. 6;75. 5)
 2. It's dark without the lights. Let's____.
 A. switch on them B. turn them on
 C. to turn on them D. to switch them on(Nelson，200C)
 3. To test his theory，the scientist set_______ an experiment.
 A. up B. out C. upon D. forth(攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题，84A)
 4. To hang a picture on the wall is to put it
 A. up B. to C. by D. out(TOEFL，72. 6)
 5. Children shouldn't leave their toys on the floor. They should____.
 A. put out them B. put off them
 C. put them away D. put them off (Nelson，200B)
 6. If you don't know the word，look it_______ your dictionary.
 A. up in B. from
 C. out of D. in(Nelson，350C; 攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题，83B)
 7. To visit someone you haven't seen in a long time is to look him
 A. out B. in
 C. up D. for(TOEFL，70. 6)
 8. “Why isn't he teaching the piano now?” “ Because he was tired of it，he_______ . ”
 A. decided to give it up B. determined on stopping
 C. decided giving up D. decided give it up(TOEFL，70. 10)
 9. He talked so much during the match that he_______ my game.
 A. put me out of B. put me off
 C. put me away from D. put me apart from(Nelson，450B)
 10. Don't leave your shoes on the table
 A. Put off them B. Take them off
 C. Pick them off D. Pick up them(Nelson，200A)
 11. Your bicycle shouldn't be in the house!____
 A. Take it out! B. Get out it!
 C. Put it off! D. Take away it! (Nelson，200A)
 12. A foreign firm have bought the shares in his company and____.
 A. get over it B. taken it over
 C. overtaken it D. overcome it(Nelson，450A)
 13. His face gave him ____ when he told a lie.
 A. off B. away C. up D. out (攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题，84A)
 [附注]LDPV将短语动词和介词动词统称为短语动词(phrasal verbs)，即短语动词包括动词+副词结构和动词+介词结构。