释义 |
■ lucky1) 口语中,单单 lucky 一个字在句首,后面接上句子,就可以表示“幸而”、“幸亏”。 - Lucky we only did a puddle jump. (Dan Brown, Angels and Demons, p.15)还好,我们只是跳过了一个水坑。
2) to be lucky to inf. 的意义,视 be 的时态是过去的还是将来的而有不同。如果是过去的,意思是“幸运地得到某种好处”;如果是将来的,则主语不定指时也是“幸运地得到某种好处”(最后的 inf. 动词可以是瞬时体,也可以是连续体)。 - Eight pairs will be lucky to be selected as the final contestants.将有八对被幸运地入选为决赛竞争者。
主语定指时,则可能有两种很不相同的意义,一种仍然是“幸运地得到某种好处”,例如:2006 年美国中期选举前夕有人分析选情时,认为共和党有三种选情不同的地区。第一种,也就是第一层选区,是共和党会得胜的: - The first tier comprises 10 districts that the GOP will be lucky to hold.第一层,由共和党将幸运地保住的十个选区组成。
另一种意义,则是把 to inf. 当作一个有待实现的条件,to be lucky 当作条件一旦实现就会产生的结果。 - You'll be lucky to find him.你如果能找得到他,算你运气。
- New Castle will have 7,000—8,000 fans show up for their games. North Central, the largest school in the state, will be lucky to get 2,000.新城堡中学将有七八千球迷前来助威。而全州最大的学校北中央中学能有两千人来助威就算运气的了。
- Where stone tablets could be expected to survive for tens of thousands of years, a floppy disk or magnetic tape may only last 10 years. The hardware and software required to perceive or experience the information will be lucky to survive even that long.石碑可以预计能留存几万年,而软盘或磁带则只能保持十年。用来辨认与体验信息的硬件和软件,甚至能维持那样久都算运气的了。
- We will be lucky to get out intact and not leave a civil war behind, or a state of chaos that offers new refuge to terrorists and other radicals. (Graham E. Fuller, The United States Is the Problem, Not the Solution, In Iraq, May 24, 2004)我们如果能够全身而退,又不留下一场内战或是一个乱糟糟的烂摊子,以至于给恐怖分子和其他激进分子提供新的容身之地,那就算运气的了。
如果 lucky to inf. 之前的 to be 是一般现在时,也可能有两种不同的意义(最后的 inf. 动词必须是延续体的): a) “现在的确很幸运,能如何如何”。 - He is lucky to be alive.他很幸运,还活着。
b) “如果能如何如何就算运气的了(说不定连如何如何也做不到)”。 - On what the boss pays us, we are lucky to be able to keep body and soul together, let alone feed a family.靠老板付给我们的工钱,我们能自己糊口就算运气的了,哪还谈得上养家。
3) 由此可见,以 to be 作为谓语动词,加上形容词或动词过去分词作表语,后面再加 to inf.,常常出现这种双关意义,既可以用谓语作为一个状语意义的成分来修饰 to inf. (通常是事情已经发生),也可以把 inf. 理解为“如果”而把谓语动词理解为有条件的结果(通常是事情尚未发生)。这样的双关意义,在 to be surprised to inf., to be scared to inf., to be furious to inf., to be relieved to inf., to shudder to inf., to be stupid to inf., to be foolish to inf., to be wise to inf., to be perplexed to inf., to be doing a disservice to inf. 等词组,都可以发现。只要是事情尚未发生,就有可能是“如果…那就”的意思。 - They're scared to expel me.他们不敢开除我。或:如果开除我,他们还害怕呢。
- I think we'd be doing a disservice to give them information that's not evidence-based.我觉得,我们如果向他们提供不是证据确凿的信息,那是帮倒忙。
- You would be wise to go now.你如果聪明点,就现在去。
- No reader of this magazine will be surprised to hear that the faculty at American universities are overwhelmingly left-wing.本杂志的任何一个读者,如果听到说,美国各大学的教师,绝大多数是左翼的,他一定不会感到惊讶。
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