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词组 need
释义

■ need

1) 这个动词(属第一类动词),可以是普通的实义动词,也可以是个助动词(否定或疑问时不用加 do,后面接上 inf. 不要 to)。但是它只有在否定句或疑问句中(而且后面的宾语不是名词而是动词不定式)才可以用作助动词,在肯定句中就要作为实义动词来处理。

  • You needn't come if you don't want to.你不想来就不必来。
  • She need never know.她根本不需要知道。
  • Need you be so rude?有必要这样粗野吗?
  • That needn't always be the case.不必总是如此。
  • Need one remind her (= US State Secretary Condolezza Rice) of the torture skills some (US) soldiers brazenly demonstrated in the past? (Bahrein Tribune, May 19, 2005)一些大兵昔日大肆表演的拷打技巧,难道还要人家给她提醒吗?

2) 如果是肯定句,或者虽然是否定句或疑问句但宾语是名词(包括动名词)而非动词不定式,need 就仍然要作为普通的实义动词。

  • I need to go to the post office.我需要到邮局去一趟。
  • Do you need the hammer?你要用这锤子吗?
  • Just what I needed!我正是得其所哉!
  • I need someone to look after the children.我需要有人来看孩子。
  • She didn't need telling twice.给她一说就通。

3) need 作为助动词,意义主要是指当前有或是没有某个必要(尤其是用来要求或允许当前免做某事),不指长远的需要。

  • It's OK. You needn't pay for that phone call.行。那次打的电话你不用付钱了。
  • I'm in no hurry. He needn't send it by air.我不急着要用。他不必寄航空。

这里的助动词 needn't,也可以改用普通动词 don't need to。但是如果讲的是长远的不需要,就只能用 don't need to。

  • You don't need to (*needn't) pay for emergency calls in most countries.在大多数国家,拨紧急呼救电话时不用缴费的。
  • I don't need to (*I needn't) queue for my bus. I get on at the terminus.我是在总站上公共汽车的,不需要排队。

4) 如果谈的是一段时间以后的需要,或是取决于另一事态的需要,need(普通实义动词)可以用一般将来时。

  • We'll need to repair the roof next year.咱们明年要修理屋顶了。
  • You'll need to fill out these forms before you see the immigration officer.你去见移民官员之前,要先填好这些表格。

5) need(用现在时)not have + pp 表示过去已经做了的某事现在看来本来是不必做的。

  • You needn't have woken me up. I don't have to go to work today.你本来用不着把我喊醒。我今天不需要上班。
  • I needn't have cooked so much food. Nobody was hungry.我本来不必做这么多的饭菜。谁也不饿。

但是,didn't need to 意思就有些不同,是就过去谈过去的背景情况,说当时不需要如何,但是实际上可能做了,也可能没有做(通常是没有做,但这只是从情理来推测,字面上并不交代)。

  • It started raining, so I didn't need to water the flowers.下起雨来,所以我就不需要浇花了。

但是后面马上接着可以说:

  • But I did water them in case it didn't rain enough.但是我还是浇了,以防万一雨水不够(从后一句看出“我”还是浇花了)。
  • I didn't need to mow the lawn myself. My brother did it.我不需要自己刈草坪。我哥哥干了(从后一句看出“我”没有做)。

说了 needn't have + pp 之后,往往另加一句 could have + pp 作为一个替代办法。

  • —I wanted a copy of the letter, so I typed it twice. —You needn't have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon. —我当时想给这封信留个底,所以打了两次。—你本来不需要打两次。你可以用复写纸嘛。

needn't have + pp 与 shouldn't have + pp 意义接近,但是后者多少带有一点“本来不应该”的责备口气,而前者则只是“本来不必”的惋惜口气。

  • She shouldn't have stood in the queue. She should have got tickets from the machine.她本来不该站队。她应该到自动机器那里去买票(有责备口气)。
  • She needn't have stood in the queue. She could have got tickets from the machines.她本来不必站队。她到自动机器那里去买票就行了(有惋惜口气)。

6) need not 有时候不是“不需要”,而是“不见得一定”。

  • —She looks quite ill. I'm sure it's flu. —It needn't be —maybe she's just overtired. —她看样子病得很厉害。我看一定是流感。—那可不一定。也许只是劳累过度。

7) 后面如果接上动名词,要用主动形式表示被动意义。

  • The machine needs oiling.机器需要上油了(不说 needs being oiled,但可以说 needs to be oiled)。
  • Your hair needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发需要理一下了。

甚至后面说出施动者 (by whom) 时,need 后面(by 前面)的动名词仍然要用主动形式。

  • This word needs replacing by (*being replaced by) a better one.这个单词应该用一个更好的来代替。
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更新时间:2024/10/30 10:21:30