■ those

看到 those 与 these 的对比，容易产生一种印象，以为 those 一定是指远处的人或事物。其实还有另外一个和远近没有关系的意义，就是用来代替前面说过的复数名词，或是如果前面没有提到时用来指笼统的“人们”（这两个用法都是 these 所没有的）。

• The first baseball games were quite different from those of today.早期的垒球比赛，同今天的很不一样（虽然“今天”更近，但仍用 those）。
• Those close to the (Bush) family say there is little evidence that father and son have ever had a detailed discussion about the Iraq war—either before it began or since.(Newsweek, Jan. 8, 2007, p.27)接近布什家族的人们说，没有多少迹象表明父子俩详细讨论过伊拉克战争，无论是开战前还是开战后。

those 不一定指远处，甚至连最近处的“我们这些…的人们”，也可以说 those of us who..., 比 we who... 更为常用。

• mouse
• mouse 与 rat
• mouth
• movement
• movement 与 campaign
• movie
• mr
• mr.
• mr., mr
• mrs
• mrs.
• mrs., mrs
• much
• much
• much as
• much less
• much of a
• mud
• mutual
• my orders
• nation
• nation
• national
• nationalization
• nation, country 与 state