释义 |
■ time1) 常常将 time 加到一个形容词后面,再加不定冠词 a,表示某人一时的处境(time 不直接表示“时间”)。 - have a rough time处境艰难
- have a good time过得开心。
如果要表示难以做到某事,就将“某事”的动词变为 -ing 分词形式放在 have a difficult time 后面即可。 - They were having a difficult time getting to sleep.他们难以入睡。
2) it's time 后面接上一个从句(通常不要 that 引入),表示“现在是应该如何如何的时候了”。但是很特别的一点,是从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时来表示现在的需要。 - It's time you washed those trousers.你现在该洗洗那条裤子了。
其实这个所谓一过去般时,是虚拟式的现在时,在这里表示一种尚未实现但希望要实现的行动或事件。本来,在这种场合(要表示“应该”)使用虚拟式,是虚拟式最为典型的、“理直气壮”的用法,其他许多欧洲语言,用起来都十分自然,学起来也属于初学的基本语法范围,用得十分普遍,人人都会。但是英语的 It's time you washed... 中的 washed 即使在学了多年英语的中国人看来也多少觉得有点“别扭”,这是因为虚拟式在英语比较衰落,剩下的地盘不太多,硕果仅存的少数用法,就似乎成了罕见的怪物(如果说 It's high time you washed..., 就是表示这件事很急迫,马上就要做)。但是说 high time 时也可以简单地用现在时(也是动词不定式作虚拟用)。 - High time we work together to figure out how to address the mess we've made.我们自己造成的烂摊子,现在该是我们齐心合力找到办法来收拾的时候了。
3) 复数 the times 可以表示“时尚、潮流”。 - Her dress is extremely behind the times.她的穿着极为落后于时代潮流。
behind time (time 是单数)则与 behind the times 不同,是“迟到”、“过了时”的意思。 - The bus should have been here; It's behind time.公共汽车本来应该来了;它过了时间了。
4) 有 time 参与组成的一些词组,有些是副词词组,不引入从句;有些则是连词词组,必须引入从句,意思才能完全。有时候甚至在形式上完全相同但是功能各异,要善于辨别,才不至于误解或误用。 有些词组,只能是连词词组,如 by the time。 - By the time (conj) Ernesto Guevara, known to us as Che, was murdered in the jungles of Bolivia in Oct. 1967, he was already a legend to my generation, not only in Latin America but also around the world.当我们大家叫做“切”的埃尔内斯托·格瓦拉 1967 年 10 月在玻利维亚的丛林中被杀害时,他不但在拉丁美洲,而且在全世界我的这一代人当中已经是一个传奇人物了。
the first time 是个连词词组,但前面加上介词 for 却成了副词词组。 - The first time (conj) a jury handed out a few million to a widow, and then all hell would break loose.如果第一次有一个陪审团开个先例,判给一位遗孀赔偿好几百万,那么局面就会不可收拾。
- President Bush used his veto power Wednesday for the first time (adv) since taking office 5 1
- 2 years ago, saying that an embryonic stem-cell research bill "crossed a moral boundary." (CNN, July 20, 2006)布什总统自五年半之前就任以来第一次在星期三动用了他的否决权,他说有关胚胎干细胞的研究的法案“越过了道德的界限”。
有些词组则既可以是副词词组(在句首时可能后面有逗号及停顿,表明是状语性质,但也可能没有;如果放在句子的最末处,也表明是状语性质),也可以是连词词组,这就要求阅读时加以分辨,例如 at the same time 本来后面有 as(或 that)再引入从句: - The answer is then read out at the same time as the computation is actually performed.在计算真正进行时,答案也就同时读出了。
- At the airport, the ten-inch snow had been preceded by a continuous, if somewhat lighter, fall. Now it was being followed by more snow, whipped by vicious winds which piled new drifts—at the same time that plows were clearing the old. (Arthur Hailey, Airport, p.6)在机场,那十英寸厚的积雪下来之前,本来已经下了一阵尽管小些但连绵不断的雪。现在,接着而来的又是更多的雪,而在推雪机清理旧雪的同时,这些新雪经过阵阵邪风吹扫,又堆成了新的一堆堆。
但是这个作为连词标志的 as 或 that 往往省略,结果,连词词组和副词词组都是 at the same time,要一一加以分别: - Sixteen building were demolished at the same time (adv).十六座建筑同时被拆毁了。
- Is it possible to lose fat and gain muscle at the same time (adv)?有可能同时减少脂肪而又加强肌肉吗?
- To reach this goal, "No Child Left Behind" provides more support for English language acquisition than ever before at the same time(conj) it values and supports native tongues.为了达到这个目的,“不让一个孩子掉队”方案在重视与支持各种本土语言的同时,对于英语习得,比以往任何时候都提供更多的支持。
- For example, the brain controls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure at the same time (conj) it performs a mental task.例如大脑在执行意识功能的同时,也控制着呼吸、心率和血压。
- At the same time (conj) it issued designations on attainment and nonattainment, EPA issued a new rule classifying areas by the severity of their ozone conditions and establishing the deadline state and local governments must meet to reduce ozone levels. (EPA Newsroom, April 15, 2004)环境保护署一方面把达标和未达标的地区予以公布,同时又颁布了一项新的法规,按照臭氧状况的严重程度将各地区加以分类,并且规定了各州和各地方必须降低臭氧水平的限期。
every time 如果只有 time 一个词重读,是副词词组;如果两个词都重读,就是连词词组。 - How to Argue and Win Every Time (adv) 如何每次争论都得胜(书名)。
- Using the laws of physics, it's possible to make a jumpshot in basketball every time (adv).运用物理学规律,每次打篮球都有可能跳起投篮。
- Every time(conj) I went to see her, she was not at home.我每一次去看她,她都不在家。
- Every time (conj) you take something away you add something.你每次拿走一些,都放进一些。
- Every time (conj) he comes we fight.他每次来我们都吵架。
- ... America has grown every time (conj) the Census Bureau has taken a measurement, starting in 1790... (US News & World Report, Oct. 2, 2006, p.48)…从 1790 年开始,人口统计局每一次进行调查,美国都是增长了的...
Each time 也常常作为连词短语而不作为状语,例如: - Each time she was asked how her magazine had come into possession of all those private and internal documents, she replied simply that she was unable to reveal the magazine's source. (Stieg Larsson, The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo, p.624)每次人家问她所有这些私人的内部文件她的杂志社是如何弄到的,她都干脆回答说她不能透露杂志社的材料来源。
同样,next time 如果只有 time 一个词重读,是副词词组;如果两个词都重读,就是连词词组。 - Better luck next time (adv).祝您下次好运气(对竞赛失败者的安慰语)。
- Next time (conj) he approaches her, things will be different.下次他找她时,情况就会不一样了。
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