释义 |
■ either1) 作为形容词和代词,either 可以表示“两者当中任何一个”,而与 any 表示“两个以上多个当中任何一个”相区别。 前面有否定词时,any 表示所有多个均一一否定,either 则表示所有两个均一一否定。 - without help from either of his parents父母双方都没有给予帮助
- That's not good for either of you.这对你们俩都不好。
- He had not seen either since the accident.自从发生事故以来,他们两人他都没有见过。
- You know I have never been one to press either religion or superstition on you, and I remain a firm unbeliever in either.你知道,我从来就不是那种要把宗教或者迷信强加到你身上的人,而且这两者我都是坚决不信的。
- Flushed with money and power, they didn't and would never have enough. There was never enough of either for men like this, but power most of all.他们家财万贯,权倾一时,但他们是不满足的,也永远不会满足。对于他们这种人来说,多少钱财,多大权柄,都永远不会足够,尤其是权柄。
- It is impossible to arrive at any satisfactory solution that clearly tips the scales either way.要想得到一个令人满意的答案,能使天平明显侧向这边或那边,是不可能的。
前面没有否定词,则 either 表示“两者当中任何一个”。 - After the malpractice, he'd be removed as chief of medicine, God knows what would happen about his licence, and either way it would break him.发生医疗事故之后,他也许会被免除内科主任的职务,而且他的行医执照会怎么样只有天晓得,反正这都会把他拖垮。
- Whether, inside his soul, he really cared about the poor, only he himself knew. Either way, he made good use of them.他心灵深处究竟是否真正关心穷人,只有他自己知道。无论关心与否,他对穷人是好好加以利用的。
- One of the greatest dangers lies in the disintegration of the Greenland or West Antarctic ice sheets. If either of the two sheets disintegrates, sea level could rise nearly 20 feet in the course of a couple of centuries.最大的危险之一,在于格陵兰的或南极洲西部的冰层可能瓦解。如果两大冰层有一个瓦解,海面水平就会在几个世纪之间上涨大约二十英尺。
但是,有时候前面没有否定词,either + 单数名词在意义上可以相当于 both + 复数名词。 - on either side (= on both sides) of the road在路两旁。
2) 要注意:either + 单数名词,虽然是单数,但已经暗示有两个存在,即使 either + 单数名词甲 + or + 单数名词乙,仍然不能消除单数名词甲与乙所指事物均各有两个的误解。 - Passengers are requested not to converse with either conductor or driver.乘客务请勿与售票员或司机交谈。
这句话可能使人误解为车上有两名售票员和两名司机。为了避免误解,最好在 conductor 与 driver 前加上定冠词:Passengers are requested not to converse with either the conductor or the driver. 3) 作为副词,either 通常用于两个否定句中的第二句。 - She can't cook and he can't either.她不会做饭,他也不会。
但是也可以用于准否定句。 - She seldom goes, and I seldom do either.她很少去,我也很少去。
但是,有时候第一句并不是否定句而是肯定句,只是其肯定意义同第二句否定了的意义相同,此时第二句仍然可以用 either。 - Writing a best seller is hard. But writing the next book is no picnic either. (Newsweek, Oct. 15, 2007, p.83)写出一本畅销书是很不容易的。不过再写一本也不是轻松愉快的事。
英语常常将从句的否定挪到表示看法的主句,结果从句形式上是肯定句,再由主句来加以否定,但是从句中的 either 可以保存。 - They don't know anything about him, and I don't think you do either.他们对他一无所知,我想你也不知道。
但是... or... 可以放在二者择一的疑问句中,either... or... 则不可。这是因为... or... 则比较倾向于“否定一个肯定一个”,而 either... or... 虽然也是“二者择一”,但在更高的层面有点“一视同仁”包容在内(对二者都首先赋予平等的地位,然后再选择)的含义。而选择疑问句倾向于一开头就“必须否定一个肯定一个”(没有更高的层面),不可能“一视同仁”。例如: - When is Mary arriving—Monday or Tuesday (*either Monday or Tuesday)?玛丽什么时候到达,是星期一还是星期二?
- Why did John resign—because (*either because) he didn't like the job or because he has a better offer?)约翰为什么辞了职?是因为他不喜欢这个工作呢,还是因为他另有高就?
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