释义 |
■ also1) 这个副词有两层略微不同的含义:一是“相同”。 - If you will stay, I will also.您愿意留下我也就留下。
二是“而且”。 - The game was slow, and it was also boring.这场比赛进行得慢吞吞的,而且还很沉闷。
- She plays the piano and also sings.她会弹钢琴,又会唱。
- He is rich. Yet he is also stingy.他很有钱。但他也很吝啬。
- The book was long, also dull.那本书又冗长又枯燥。
2) also 通常放在它所修饰的单词或词组之前,包括实义动词(但不包括主语,因为 also 修饰谓语也等于修饰了主语),但是遇到系动词 to be 的变位形式和助动词时就不能放在它前面,而只能放在后面(部分原因是:to be 的变位形式以及助动词通常没有实义或是实义很弱,也就没有很大必要去直接修饰它,更需要直接修饰的成分还在后头)。They also will serve their country 是“他们(同别人一样)将为国家服务”,而 They will also serve their country 则是“他们(不但干别的,而且还)为国家服务”。但是 also 究竟管句子的哪一个成分,往往不能光是从它的位置来判断,还要根据上下文来决定。下面三个例子,also 位置都一样,但是管不同的句子成分。 - I read in the paper that their band was coming to town. I also heard that the band would play here.我在报上看到,他们那个乐队要到本市来。我还听说乐队要在这里表演(also 管 heard)。
- Mary heard that their band is coming to town. I also heard that the band would play here.玛丽听说他们那个乐队要到本市来。我也听说乐队要在这里表演(also 管 I)。
- The band has been playing on the West Coast for weeks. I also heard that the band would play here.那个乐队在西海岸表演了好几个星期了。我还听说乐队要在这里表演(also 管 here)。
如果前后文不清楚,最好将 also 放到尽量靠近所管成分之处, - I heard the band would also play here.(also 管 here 或 play,但管 play 的可能性不大。)
3) 有的学者认为,also 不可以放在句首,但在倒装句中表示“同样”,可以放在句首,远距离修饰倒置谓语之后的主语。 - Also on the agenda are...议程还包括有…
- Also old are the words from Old English and Middle English. (W. F. Bolton, A Short History of Literary English)同样,那些来自古英语和中期英语的单词,也已经老旧了。
also 作“而且”、“更有甚者”解时,也可以放在句首,后面加上一个逗号。 - Also, during the summer, so-called interim disciplinary rules were promulgated. (The New York Times, Jan. 9, 1969)而且,在夏季还颁布了一些所谓临时纪律。
- The warranty covers all power-train components. Also, participating dealers back their work with a free lifetime service guarantee.保修范围包括所有动力系统部件。而且,一些参加营销的零售商还提供永久性的免费维修保证,为自己的营业撑腰。但是这种结构受到非议。
4) 一般认为 also 只能用于肯定,不能用于否定,否定时要像 too 那样改用 either。但是其实 also 也往往用于否定。 - Our concern about such practices is also not new.我们对这些做法的关切同样也不是什么新的事情了。
- She also knew absolutely nothing about the Theory of Relativity.她对相对论也是一无所知。
但是,第一,如果用 also,要放在谓语动词前面(too 则放在句末);第二,用 also 同用 too 意义不同。also 支配后面的 not,对前后两者都加以否定;too 则被前面的 not 所支配,只否定后者,通过下面例句可进行比较。 - You should not smoke, and you also should not drink.你既不能吸烟,也不能喝酒(also 管后面的 not)。
- You may drink, but you may not smoke too.你可以喝酒,但不可以又加上吸烟(not 管后面的 too)。
目录 |