1. vt. & vi.讲；谈　 say in words; talk
2. vt. & vi.演说；演讲　 make a speech

　～ English　讲英语
　～ four languages　讲四种语言
　～ one's mind　坦白直言
　～ one's piece　说想说的话
　～ the same language　有共同语言
　～ the truth　讲实话
　～ accurately　准确地说
　～ admirably　说得很好
　～ aloud　大声地说
　～ agreeably　说得很中听
　～ amorously　一往情深地说
　～ approvingly　赞成地说
　～ articulately　说得清楚
　～ badly　讲得不好
　～ bitterly　沉痛地说
　～ bluntly　直截了当地说
　～ boldly　大胆地讲出来
　～ briefly　扼要地说
　～ broadly　一般地说
　～ brokenly　断断续续地说
　～ candidly　坦白地说
　～ cautiously　谨慎地说
　～ circuitously　拐弯抹角地说
　～ civilly　彬彬有礼地说
　～ comparatively　相对说来
　～ decisively　很坚定地说
　～ disrespectfully　毫不尊敬地说
　～ distinctly　讲清楚
　～ falsely　错误地说
　～ feelingly　富有感情地说
　～ firmly　坚定地说
　～ fluently　流利地说
　～ frankly　坦率地说
　～ freely　无拘无束地说
　～ generally　总体上说来
　～ glibly　伶牙俐齿地说
　～ harshly　严厉地说
　～ highly　赞扬地说
　～ incoherently　说话语无伦次
　～ idiomatically　用地道的语言说
　～ intelligibly　说得清楚明白
　～ interestingly　说话风趣
　～ ironically　讽刺地说
　～ legally　从法律上来说
　～ lightly　轻蔑地说
　～ naturally　自然地说
　～ nervously　紧张不安地说
　～ objectively　客观地说
　～ passionately　热情地说
　～ philosophically　从哲学上来说
　～ plainly　明白地说
　～ practically　实际上说
　～ properly　确切地说
　～ quickly　说得很快
　～ roughly　粗鲁地说
　～ slightingly　轻蔑地说
　～ softly　温和地说话
　～ technically　从技术上来说
　～ truthfully　诚实地说
　～ unkindly　不友好地说
　～ vulgarly　说话粗鲁
　～ warmly　亲切地说
　～ aside　旁白
　～ down to sb　以上司口吻对某人说话
　～ out　大声讲，毫无顾虑地说出
　～ out against these abuses　发言反对这些弊病
　～ out one's mind　说出心里话
　～ out one's thought　把想法说出来
　～ up　说大声点，把…说出来
　～ about　谈起
　～ about politics　谈论政治
　～ against　对（某事）提意见
　～ at a large gathering　在一次大型集会上演讲
　～ by the book　说话确切
　～ for　作为…的代言人
　～ for itself　不言而喻
　～ for oneself　为自己辩护，发表个人意见
　～ for sb to the director　代表…向主任进言
　～ for tea　要求喝茶
　～ for the accused　为被告辩护
　～ from　凭…说
　～ from experience　根据经验说话
　～ from memory　凭记忆讲
　～ from notes　照提纲讲
　～ from the heart　凭良心说
　～ in　用…交谈
　～ in English　用英语讲话
　～ of　谈及…
　～ ill of　说…坏话
　～ well of　说…好话
　～ of the old days on the campus　谈起昔日的校园生活
　～ of the writer's childhood　谈及这个作家的童年
　～ on a subject　谈论某个问题
　～ on the topic　讲这个题目
　～ over the radio　做广播讲话
　～ through an interpreter　通过译员讲话
　～ to　针对…说话，与…谈话
　～ to brick wall　对牛弹琴
　～ to nobody　对谁也不讲
　～ to oneself　自言自语
　～ to the crowd　对人群说话
　～ to the subject　说到主题
　～ under one's breath　低声讲话
　～ with effect　说话算数
　～ with effort　讲话很吃力
　～ with sb in private　私下和…谈话
　～ with tears in one's eyes　眼泪汪汪地说

　The child hasn't learnt to speak yet.　孩子还没有学会说话。
　Children speak before they read.　孩子们先说话，后认字。
　Is it very difficult to train the dumb to learn to speak?　训练哑巴学说话是很难吗?
　He is due to speak this evening.　今晚该他讲演。
　She was so frightened that she could not speak.　她吓得连话都说不出来。
　Who's speaking?—This is Peter speaking.　你是谁?——我是彼得。
　He spoke in front of a large audience.　他面对广大听众做了演说。
　Who's going to speak at the meeting next Friday?　下星期五的会上谁做报告?
　The President will speak tonight on television.　总统今天晚上要在电视上发表演说。
　The big guns spoke thunderously.　大炮轰鸣。
　The portrait speaks.　这幅画像栩栩如生。
　Facts speak louder than words.　事实胜于雄辩。
　How many languages do you speak?　你会讲几种语言?
　He speaks English very fluently.　他说英语说得很流利。
　She speaks a little French.　她会讲一点法语。
　It's extraordinary that the American girl Jane speaks Chinese so fluently.　这位美国姑娘珍妮中文讲得如此流畅，实属超凡。
　None of them can speak Spanish.　他们都不会说西班牙语。
　He feels comfortable with those who speak the Shanghai dialect.　他和讲上海话的人谈话总感到很自在。
　She speaks several languages.　她能讲几种语言。
　He spoke only a few words.　他只讲了几句话。
　He spoke a falsehood.　他撒了谎。
　He always speaks the truth.　他一贯说实话。
　He spoke words of praise.　他讲赞扬话。
　In this passage the writer is speaking his own convictions.　在这段文章里，作者表达出他自己的坚定信心。
　One little fact may speak volumes.　一件小事往往很可以说明问题。
　When we asked the students what they thought of the new plan, they spoke their minds freely.　当我们征求学生们对新计划的意见时，他们都畅所欲言。
　This poem speaks his optimism.　这首诗表明了他的乐观主义精神。
　She spoke what was in her heart.　她说出了她心中所想的。
　Is English spoken here?　这里讲英语吗?

 ♣ speak about　(v.+prep.)
　提到…　mention or talk openly about sth/sb
　〔说明〕 speak about通常不用于进行体。
　We don't speak about that unfortunate period in our family history.　我们不提我们家史中的那段不幸。
　Nice people don't speak about such unpleasant matters.　有教养的人不谈这种令人不愉快的事。
 ♣ speak for　(v.+prep.)
1. 代表…讲话；为…辩护 speak in the interest of; represent
　He says he will speak for us at the committee meeting.　他说他要在委员会会议上代表我们发言。
　Don't speak for your friend, speak for yourself.　不要代表你的朋友发言了，谈你自己的看法吧。
　I can only speak for myself, others may have different views.　我只能谈我自己的意见，别人可以有不同看法。
　Please speak for me to the director.　请为我向主任说说情。
　Please speak for me to the principal.　请为我向校长辩护。
　At the meeting John spoke for the change in the rules.　约翰在会议上为更改规则辩护。
2. 预定〔要求〕得到… get the right to sth in advance; reserve
　The teacher was giving away some books, students spoke for the same one.　老师要送出一批书，几个学生都争要同一本。
　The first 600 cars of this new model have already been spoken for.　首批600辆新型汽车已有买主。
　I cannot let you have this clock, as it is spoken for, but I could get you another one like this.　这个钟已有了买主，所以不能给你了。不过，我可以给你弄到一个和这个相同的。
3. 不言而喻 need no further explanation
　〔说明〕 speak for作此解时通常不用于进行体。
　The facts speak for themselves.　事实显而易见。
　There is no need for me to praise it, it speaks for itself.　无需我来称赞，那是显而易见的。
 ♣ speak of　(v.+prep.)
　谈到，讲到　talk about; mention in speaking
　She spoke of the government's plans for the unemployed.　她提到了政府对失业者制定的计划。
　I have never spoken of these things to anyone before.　我过去从未和任何人提到过这些事。
　In his lecture, he spoke of the increasing use of computers.　他在讲演中谈及了计算机日益广泛的使用。
　It is nothing to speak of.　那不值得一提。
　Whom have you been speaking of?　你们在说谁呀?
　That is the museum that I spoke of just now.　那就是我刚说到的博物馆。
　The lecturer spoke of many things relating to chemistry.　讲师谈到了许多有关化学的问题。
　We defy death, not to speak of hardships and difficulties.　我们死都不怕，更不用说艰苦困难了。
 ♣ speak out　(v.+adv.)
　大胆讲；毫无保留地说出　speak boldly, freely, and plainly
　We've been silent for too long, it's time to speak out.　我们沉默得太久了，现在是大胆地发表意见的时候了。
　Speak out—don't be afraid.　大胆说吧，别害怕。
　I was determined to speak out.　我决心直言不讳。
　I am going to speak out against the committee's decision.　我打算直言反对委员会的决定。
　I expect you to speak out against tyranny when the time comes.　我希望到时候你能大胆地讲几句反暴政的话。
　He spoke out against the plan because he thought it was too costly.　他认为那个计划费用太大，所以他大胆地表示反对。
 ♣ speak to　(v.+prep.)
1. 对…讲；和…说话 talk to; have conversation with sb
　Did you speak to him in English?　你用英语对他说的吗?
　Could you come and speak to our Literary Society?　你愿来我们文学社作报告吗?
　She was afraid to be seen speaking to me.　她怕跟我讲话被别人看见。
　Few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins but to give an order.　贵人们除了发号施令以外很少跟出身卑贱的人说话。
　He has spoken his mind to me.　他已对我说明了他的心事。
　I am angry and I want a chance to speak my mind to the director.　我很气愤，我想找机会向主任坦率地谈谈自己的想法。
2. 针对…讲，围绕…谈 direct one's remarks to; talk about
　He did not speak to the subject.　他没有说到本题。
　We must speak to the topic under discussion.　我们必须针对讨论的主题来讲。
　He spoke to the question.　他说得对题。
　I can speak to his veracity.　我可以证明他说的是实话。
　He did not speak to the point.　他的话不中肯。
3. 责备〔提醒，请求〕 speak severely to; admonish; ask sb to do sth
　He was late again today; it's time you spoke to that boy.　那男孩今天又迟到了，你该说说他了。
　I'll speak to him about his rudeness at the meeting.　他在会上太不礼貌了，我非责备他不可。
　The manager spoke to John about his slackness in work.　经理责备约翰工作松懈。
 ♣ speak up　(v.+adv.)
　大声讲　speak more loudly
　The teacher asked the shy little girl to speak up.　老师要求那个怕羞的小姑娘说话声音大点。
　Would you please speak up, as we can't hear you?　我们听不清楚，请大点声说行不行?
　His talk is interesting but I do wish he'd speak up.　他的报告很精彩，不过我真希望他能讲得大声一些。

 ♣ speak well〔ill〕 for, speak well〔ill〕 of
　这两个短语都可表示“说好〔坏〕话”。其区别是：
1. speak well〔ill〕 for的意思是“证〔说〕明…好〔坏〕”；而speak well〔ill〕 of的意思是“说…好〔坏〕话”。例如：
　His generous gift speaks well for his willingness to help others.　他慷慨的赠品说明了他助人的诚意。
　I have never spoken ill of him.　我从未说过他的坏话。
2. speak well〔ill〕 for的主语可用事态名词作主语，也可用无人称代词it作主语；而speak well〔ill〕 of只能以人作主语。
3. speak of中间可用副词highly或favourable；而speak for不可。例如：
　I'd like to meet his daughter, everyone speaks very highly of her.　我很想见见他的女儿，人人都称赞她。
 ♣ speak to, speak with
　这两个短语都可表示“和…谈话”。其区别是：speak to强调一个人对另一个人讲话，有主动讲与被动听的意味；而speak with则着重“相互交谈”的意味。例如：
　I wish to speak to you in private.　我希望私下和你谈谈。
　I spoke with them for an hour.　我和他们谈了一个小时。
　另一方面英式英语中常用speak to，而美式英语中常用speak with.
 ♣ speak to, talk to, tell off
　这三个短语都可表示“责备”“斥责”。其区别是：speak to是指某人做错了事，因此说说他，是温和地责备，轻微地申斥，含有规劝的意味；talk to的意思是“训斥”“劝诫”; tell off表示述说某人的坏行为。例如：
　I'll see that he is spoken to about it.　关于那件事我想我得找人和他谈谈。
　I'll talk to him.　我会训斥他的。
　That fellow needs to be told off.　那个家伙该挨一顿骂。
 ♣ not to speak of, not to say
　这两个短语的意思相近。其区别是：前者的语气比后者重。试比较：
　
 ♣ speak, chat, converse, talk
　这四个词都可表示“交谈”。其区别是：speak含义较广，较正式，可指连贯、系统地发言、讲话，也可指支离破碎地交谈，还可指自言自语；converse常指在谈话中交换意见或想法，且表示在几个人之间的交谈；chat往往指以友好的态度，谈一些不重要的事情；talk强调“交谈”多半是指数人之间的交谈，包括严肃的讨论，也表示轻松的闲聊。例如：
　The two friends sat in a corner and chatted about the weather.　那两位朋友坐在一个旮旯里谈论天气。
　I can converse with anyone about anything.　我可以和任何人谈论任何事情。
　He is talking to a friend.　他在和一个朋友交谈。
 ♣ speak, declaim, deliver, lecture
　这组词都可表示“演讲”。其区别是：speak一般指在公共场合讲话；declaim有慷慨激昂地演说、朗诵或以言辞攻击某人或某种观点的含义；deliver指讲道、陈述意见或讲授一门功课；lecture可指就某一专题演讲或强调教导性的演说。例如：
　She was declaiming against the waste of the taxpayers' money.　她慷慨陈词，猛烈抨击对纳税人金钱的浪费。
　He is delivering a speech.　他正在作演讲。
　I wish you'd stop lecturing me.　我希望你不要再教训我。
 ♣ speak, say, talk, tell
　参见say条。
 ♣ 下列各组中的句子意思有区别：
　
　
　
　
　

1. 他没有说他住哪儿。
　［误］ He didn't speak where he lived.
　［正］ He didn't say where he lived.
　［析］ speak不可以从句作宾语。
2. 他英语说得很好。
　［误］ He says English well.
　［正］ He speaks English well.
　［析］ 当表示操某种语言时，要用speak，不可用say.

　［同义词］ converse, mention, pronounce, say, state, talk, tell
　［词源］　古英语specan （说，讲）