| 词组 | fallacy |
| 释义 | fallacy Gowers in Fowler 1965, set off by an example of "a fallacious report," explains at some length what a fallacy in logic is; Bernstein 1965 likewise describes a logical fallacy; Macmillan 1982 would also restrict the word to logic. Copperud 1970, 1980 says that dictionary definitions bear out these restrictive views. But dictionaries do not, in fact, bear out the restrictions; the OED shows that fallacy has never been restricted to reasoning and logic—the logicians' use is but one of several senses of the word. Explanation of what a fallacy is in logic may be of interest in itself but is simply irrelevant to the question of English usage. Here are some examples that dictionary definitions are based on: • ... warn biographical critics against the fallacy of supposing that Browning's reserve was weakness — Times Literary Supp., 19 Feb. 1971 • The arguments of the Federalist are intended to prove the fallacy of these apprehensions —John Marshall, McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 • That is a statement which, I believe, physicists accept almost as a truism, and philosophers generally condemn as a hoary fallacy —Sir Arthur Edding-ton, New Pathways in Science, 1935 • It is a common fallacy that a writer, if he is talented enough, can achieve this poignant quality by improving upon his subject-matter —Willa Cather, Not Under Forty, 1936 • One of the fallacies most widely believed about the academic world is that practically everything has been done in the way of elucidation of the past — Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis, Yale Rev., Spring 1947 • Such a picture of him is not, I believe, a true description of Stalin's sense of identity, although I cannot claim the fallacy to have been demonstrated —Robert C. Tucker, Saturday Rev., 8 Jan. 1972 • Parents also console themselves by the American fallacy that one can only be young once —Elizabeth Bowen, Punch, 19 Aug. 1953 Fallacy is neither originally nor primarily a term in logic. |
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