| 词组 | obligated, obliged |
| 释义 | obligated, obliged Usage comment about the verbs obligate and oblige seems to concern itself mostly with uses of the past participles. The first of these uses involves a sense of obligated meaning "indebted for a service or favor." The OED has 17th-, 18th-, and 19th-century evidence for the sense, but marks it "not now in good use." The OED Supplement shows that the sense went out of use except in northern England, Scotland, and the United States. The Dictionary of American English shows 18th- and 19th-century American examples; the OED Supplement has one from 1919. MacCracken & Sandison 1917 and Copperud 1970, 1980 warn against the use of this sense; Janis 1984 suggests it has been replaced by obliged. Our evidence supports Janis; in writing, at least, we have no evidence for obligated in this sense. Obliged does indeed seem to have replaced it: • I would be much obliged if you would send me six copies —Flannery O'Connor, letter, 19 July 1952 Part of the diffidence toward obligated that is to be found in usage books may come from its having dropped out of use in British English while remaining in Scottish and American use. British commentators and commentators born in areas of British speech are hostile to obligated; typical is Phythian 1979 who would relegate obligate to legal use. Bremner 1980 quotes with obvious satisfaction the fun George Bernard Shaw made of Woodrow Wilson's use of the word. Wilson was not, however, the first American president to use it: • They were obligated, according to Promise, to give the Present —George Washington, Writings, 1753 (in DAE) In the sense of being bound or constrained legally or morally, obligated and obliged are essentially interchangeable: • ... Helen Maclnnes feels obligated to make the background of her books as factual and authentic as possible —Current Biography, November 1967 • ... O'Connor from time to time felt obliged to answer those critics —Terry Pettit, Averett Jour., Autumn 1970 • ... the false jauntiness that most of the high-circulation magazines still felt obligated to assume — Bruce Bliven, New Republic, 22 Nov. 1954 • ... to secure permissions which in many cases they have not been legally obliged to seek —Times Literary Supp., 12 Feb. 1970 • Since I am challenged, however, I feel obligated to offer the evidence and documentation called for — Jessie Bernard, American Sociological Rev., June 1950 • In return for C.E.P.A.'s help, the complainant is obliged to join the organization —Philip G. Schräg, Columbia Forum, Summer 1970 When the constraint is applied by physical force or by circumstances, however, obliged and not obligated is used: • Subway riders are frequently obliged to step around a limousine idling softly while madam shops —Elizabeth Dailley Heaman, Ford Times, February 1968 • ... he speculated unprofitably, and in 1815 was obliged to resume his practice —Australian Dictionary of Biography, 1967 • ... not one of those children has been obliged to suffer the experience of a home-cooked meal —Gordon Lish, Saturday Rev., 22 July 1978 |
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