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词组 Down
释义
Down     

1

向……之下：
Many torrential rivers flow down high mountains and run across wide plains towards the sea.
许多波涛汹涌的河流自高山流下，经过宽阔平原奔流入海。
With indignation she flung her treasure-case into the water and it fell down the deep lake.
悲愤之余，她把她的宝箱掷入水中，那宝箱就沉入很深的湖下。
The shy girl glanced her eyes down the ground and dared not look up.
那害羞的姑娘把眼睛瞥向地下，不敢向上看。
They went up hills and down dales all their way to find an ideal place to settle down.
他们一路上爬山下谷寻找理想的定居地点。
Gatherers of medicinal herbs often climb down steep precipices to pick ginseng and other rare drugs.
采药人时常爬下陡峭的山崖去采人参和其他稀有药材。
2
在……的下游;在……的较低处：
He lived three kilometers down the river.
他住在这条河下游3千米处。
This village is farther down the river near the suburb of a large city.
这个村庄是在该河的更下游，距一个大城市的郊区不远。
Miners are digging an opencut coal mine down the mountain，for coal beds are shallow along here.
矿工们正在山下挖掘一个露天煤矿，因为这一带煤层很浅。
Peasants dig a ditch down the hill slope to lead down water from the hilltop.
农民们在山坡下面挖一条沟以便从山顶把水引下。
Several villages are situated down the little stream.
有几个村庄位于那条小河的下游。
3
沿着;循着：
Our car drove down the wide avenue and soon got to the highway.
我们的汽车沿着宽阔的林阴道行驶，不久就走上了公路。
Children ran down the path to welcome their beloved nurse.
孩子们沿着小路跑去，欢迎他们心爱的阿姨。
A little boat floated down the wind with no one in it.
一只小船顺风漂浮，上面没有一个人。
I was walking down the street when someone called me from behind.
我正沿着大街行走，这时有一个人从后面叫我。
The ship sailed slowly down the river towards its destination.
那艘轮船沿着河缓慢地向它的目的地驶去。
4
到;去：
/ Villagers often go down town to sell their farm produce and buy fertilizers.
村民们时常到城里去卖他们的农产品和购买化肥。
Led by their teachers，the students are making an excursion down the seaside to enjoy their holidays.
学生们由他们的老师率领，正去海滨远足度假。
The old man walked up and down the room，pondering over things bygone.
那位老人在屋里走来走去，回想往事。
I was just going down shops when someone knocked at the door.
我正要到商店去购物，这时有人敲门。
5
自较早至较晚的时间：
Old folks still observe some traditional customs，which have lasted down the ages.
老年人们仍然奉行一些古老的风俗，它们已经延续了许多年代。
We are but short-sighted people and cannot look down the years to the future.
我们只不过是目光短浅的人，不能看到多少年以后的 未 来。
Christianity has sung down thousands of years.
基督教已经以歌唱的方式延续了数千年。
◆
本词也是副词，词义为：
向下;倒下;在下
When the son was going to set off to a remote place，he knelt down before his affectionate old mother.
当儿子将动身去一个遥远的地方时，他跪倒在他慈爱的老妈妈面前。
They often go down to the suburbs to enjoy rural scenery there.
他们时常往郊区去领略那里的田园风光。
Although the wind has gone down，the rain is still heavy.
虽然风已经停息，但雨仍然很大。
When a man is down，we should help him up.
当一个人跌倒了的时候，我们应当帮助他站起来。
◆
本词也是动词，词义为：
打倒;喝下
This fellow often downs the weaker and the unfortunate and takes this to be glorious.
那家伙时常击倒弱者和不幸者，并引以为荣。
Tom is a brave youth and he is not to be downed by threats.
汤姆是个勇敢的青年，他不是能够被恐吓倒的。
He downed three glasses of champagne on end to celebrate his own success.
他连饮三杯香槟酒，祝贺自己成功。
◆
本词也是名词，词义为：
厄运;落魄;下位;仇恨
Nothing can make the man happy or sorry，for he has fully tasted the ups and downs in human life.
任何事也不会使那人快乐或伤悲，因为他已经饱尝人世的荣辱浮沉。
He has a down on his colleague owing to trifles.
他因琐事而仇恨他的同事。
◆
本词也是形容词，词义为：
向下的;下行的
This shop is on the down grade，its keeper has lost much money.
这家商店营业衰落，店主人已经赔了许多钱。
A down train will be due in half an hour.
半小时以后将要有一个下行列车到达。
It is a double-track railway line，the down line is on the right.
它是个双轨铁路线，下行线在右侧。
back down 1
屈服;让步：
He is born a good speaker，he can make his opponent back down in a few words.
他天生是个好演说家，只用几句话就能使对手屈服。
2
放弃(权利、主张、立场等)：
Through repeated consideration，he has decided to back down from his claim to the house.
经过再三考虑，他已经决定放弃他对于这房子所有权的主张。
3
打退堂鼓; 取消前言：
At first they promised to sign a contract with us，but afterwards they backed down.
最初他们答应跟我们签一个合同，但后来他们打退堂鼓了。
bear down 1
击败：
Through a long period of struggle they bore down all opposition and achieved their purpose.
经过长时期的奋斗，他们击败了所有反对力量，达到了目的。
2
努力;尽力：
We put perfect trust in that youth，each time we assign him a task，he always bears down to complete it.
我们完全信任那个青年，每次我们分派他一个任务，他总是尽力去完成。
beat down 1
打倒;推翻：
Many old customs and habits were beaten down and some new and beneficial ones were set up.
许多旧的风俗习惯被打倒，一些新的有益的风俗习惯被建立。
2
使沮丧;使失望：
He was much beaten down after he failed in his undertaking.
在事业上失败以后他非常沮丧。
3
〈口语〉杀价;还价：
The second-hand shop wanted a thousand dollars for the old car but we beat them down to five hundred.
那旧货商店为那辆旧汽车要价1000元，但我们把他们的价格杀到500元。
be down and out 〈口语〉1
(在拳击中)被击倒而不能继续比赛：
That inferior boxer was down and out，his rival won the championship.
较弱的那个拳击手被击倒而不能继续比赛，他的对手赢得冠军。
2
穷困潦倒：
This old man has been in adversity all his life，he is now down and out.
这个老人一辈子处于逆境，他现在穷困潦倒。
be down for 被指定做某事;被列入名单做某事：
As the task is both dangerous and difficult several brave and able youths have been down for it.
由于这个任务既危险又困难，所以几位勇敢能干的青年已被指定去做它。
be down in spirits 情绪低落：
Their team has lost several games on end，all team members are down in spirits.
他们队已经连续输了几次比赛，队员们都情绪低落。
be down on one’s luck 〈口语〉倒霉;因不幸而垂头丧气：
That young man is down on his luck，he has lost his family and all his friends have forsaken him.
那个青年运气极坏，他失去了家庭，他的所有朋友都抛弃了他。
bog down (使)陷入泥淖;(使)陷入困境;(使)停顿：
Both companies hold on to their own terms，the trade negotiation between them has bogged down.
两家公司都坚持自己的条件，所以他们之间的贸易谈判已经无法进展。
boil down 1
(把某物)煮浓;煮缩：
Mother boiled down the mutton soup and then added in some sauce.
妈妈把羊肉汤煮浓，然后又加入一些酱油。
2
(文章、报告等)缩减;摘要：
That article is rather long and tedious，it can be boiled down to two hundred words.
这篇文章颇为冗长，它可以被缩减成200字。
bow down to 1
屈服于：
The man has failed for many times，at last he bows down to his ill fate.
那人已经失败了许多次，最后他向逆运屈服了。
2
向……鞠躬行礼：
He bowed down to his guests when they departed from his house.
当客人们离开他家时，他向客人们鞠躬行礼。
break down 1
崩溃;瓦解：
Owing to improper management and administration，that large enterprise has broken down.
由于不适当的经营管理，那家大企业已经垮台了。
2
(身体、精神)衰弱：
His health broke down because of overstraining，he had to recuperate in a sanatorium for some time.
他的身体由于过度操劳而衰弱，他必须去疗养院休养一个时期。
3
(机器等)损坏;坏掉：
Some instruments have broken down because people often use them improperly.
因为人们常常使用不当，有些仪器已经损坏。
4
情绪失去控制(如突然痛哭等)：
Mary broke down when she heard the bad news.
玛丽听到这坏消息时，她突然痛哭起来。
break sth down 1
捣碎(门、窗等)：
A drunkard broke down his neighbour’s door and window.
一个喝醉的人捣碎他邻居的门窗。
2
武力镇压;制服：
The madness of a run-away mad man has been broken down，the mad man has been sent back to the madhouse.
一个外逃疯子的狂疯发作已被制服，该疯人已被送回疯人院。
3
(把化合物)分解：
Chemists have succeeded in breaking down an unknown new substance into its elements.
化学家们已经成功地把一种新的未知物质分解成它的元素。
4
分门别类;划分：
Their yearly expenditure included many different expenses，we asked them to break it down into details.
他们的年度支出包括许多不同的开销，我们要求他们将其支出分门别类细细分出。
bring down 1
击落;使降落：
The pilot brought his plane down gently.
飞行员让他的飞机徐徐落下。
2
打倒;打伤;打死：
He aimed，fired and brought down the deer.
他瞄准、开枪、打倒了那只鹿。
3
降低(价格等)：
Prices of certain goods have been brought down owing to supply surpassing demand.
由于供过于求，一些商品的价格已经降低。
4
把(记录、历史等)延续到某个时候：
Historians have brought down the modern history up to the present time.
历史学家已经把近代史一直写到现在。
5
(算术)进位;退位：
We want only a round number，please bring down the figures behind the decimal point.
我们只要整数，请把小数点后面的几位数字都进上来。
bring down the house 博得满场人喝彩(或鼓掌)：
Their excellent performance brought down the house，actors had to answer curtain-calls repeatedly.
他们的精彩表演博得全场喝彩，演员们不得不多次谢幕。
bring down the persimmon 〈美口语〉得奖;拿奖旗：
A little child won championship in a chess contest and brought down the persimmon.
一个小孩在棋赛中赢得冠军，得了奖。
bring sb down to his marrowbones迫使某人屈服;使某人跪下：
Kind people have the truth as their backing，they can bring evil down to its marrowbones.
善良的人们有真理作后盾，他们能使邪恶屈服。
bring down sb’s wrath/anger on one’s head 惹得某人对自己发怒：
William made a serious mistake in his work，that brought down his manager’s wrath on his head.
威廉在工作上犯了一个严重错误，这使得他的经理对他发怒。
brush down 刷去;清除：
He tried his best to mend his ways and did good，gradually he managed to brush down his ill repute.
他努力改过自新做好事，逐渐地就把不好的名声刷掉了。
burn down 烧毁;烧尽;焚毁：
Hospitals often burn down patients’clothes to destroy germs and clean the environment.
各医院时常烧毁病人们的衣服以消灭病菌清洁环境。
call sth down 祈求;招来：
That old lady called down heavenly punishment on the head of a bad person.
那位老太太祈求上天惩罚一个坏人。
call sb down 〈俚语〉严厉斥责(某人)：
Our manager called down an office worker，for he often neglected his duty.
我们经理严厉斥责一个职员，因为他时常玩忽职守。
call down a curse upon 诅咒(某人)：
A woman called down a curse upon her husband，he often disobeyed her and made her angry.
一位妇女诅咒她的丈夫，因为她的丈夫时常不听从她，惹她生气。
calm down 使平息;变平静;平静下来：
Mother’s heart has calmed down after her daughter comforts her.
在女儿安慰母亲以后，母亲的心境平静下来。
cash down 现款交易;收货付款：
We often do shopping in that shop，for they allow discount for cash down.
我们时常在那家商店购物，因为他们对现款交易可以打折扣。
cast down 使沮丧;使不快(只用于被动语态)：
Tom is cast down recently because some of his old friends have broken with him.
汤姆近来很沮丧，因为他的一些老朋友跟他断交了。
change down (汽车)换慢挡;开慢：
Our driver changed down near the mountain，for the road was rugged and rough.
离山近时，司机把汽车开慢，因为那里的道路崎岖不平。
choke down 抑制住;强忍住(感情、怒气、泪水等)：
When her requests were rejected，she choked down her tears and went out.
当她的请求被拒绝以后，她强忍住泪水走了出去。
clamp down on 钳制;对……施加压力：
The company clamped down on its agents by diminishing their commission.
该公司用减少佣金的方法对它的代理商施加压力。
clean down 清扫;擦干净;刷干净：
They cleaned down the pendent lamp and its cover because there was much dirt on them.
他们把吊灯和吊灯罩擦干净，因为上面有许多尘土。
climb down 1
(从高处)爬下来;(从高位)退下来：
The naughty boy climbed down a tall apple-tree with several large apples in his hand.
那淘气的男孩从一棵高高的苹果树上爬下，手中拿着几个大苹果。
2
让步;认错：
At last our corporation climbed down in the negotiation and an agreement was reached.
最后，我们公司在商谈中作了让步，达成了一项协议。
close down 1
关闭;歇业(商店、工厂等)：
Owing to inappropriate management and administration，the company has closed down.
由于不适当的经营管理，该公司已经倒闭。
2
停止播送(广播电台)：
The local broadcasting station closed down at 10pm every evening.
当地电台每天晚上10点停止广播。
come down 1
倒塌;落下：
A large piece of rock came down from the mountain top，fortunately no one was injured.
一大块岩石从山顶落下，幸而没有人受伤。
2
(地位、身份、温度等)跌落;降下：
Sometimes the cold current from Siberia can make the temperature come down for more than ten degrees.
有时从西伯利亚来的寒流能使气温下降10多度。
3
传给;传下：
Some traditional customs have come down to us from our ancestors for ages.
一些古老的风俗从我们的祖先传给我们已经多少代了。
4
(从城市)下乡;返乡：
Scientists often came down to the countryside to carry out an investigation.
科学家们时常下到农村来做调查工作。
come down a peg 丢面子;受侮辱：
His trick was seen through on the spot，so he came down a peg and sought safety in flight.
他的诡计被当场识破，所以他丢了面子溜之大吉。
come down handsomely 出手大方;出钱慷慨：
While dealing with people，they came down handsomely though they were all poor men.
在与人交往时，他们出手大方，虽然他们都是穷人。
come down in the world 败落;失势：
After the rich man came down in the world，all his relatives and friends left him at once.
在那富人败落以后，他的亲戚朋友立刻离开了他。
come down on 严厉斥责(某人)：
Mother came down on her son，for he associated with some bad companions.
母亲严厉斥责她的儿子，因为他和一些坏同伴交往。
come down on the right side of the fence 加入胜利者的一方：
These cunning persons are all opportunists，they always come down on the right side of the fence.
这些狡猾的人都是投机取巧的人，他们总是加入胜利者的一方。
come down to 归结为;剩为：
His lecture comes down to one word，everyone of us should do our best to help the poor and the helpless.
他的演说归结为一句话，我们每个人都应当尽最大努力去帮助那些贫苦失助的人们。
come down with捐献：
That kind man felt much sympathy for poor people，he often came down with money to charity.
那位和善的人对穷苦人们非常同情，他时常向慈善事业捐钱。
come/get down to brass tacks 直截了当地说;开门见山：
He is a broad-minded man，he comes down to brass tacks in every thing.
他是个胸怀开阔的人，无论什么事他都是开门见山。
cool down 变冷静;冷却：
When the metal rod has been heated to several hundred degrees，it is taken from the fire and cools down gradually.
当那个金属棒被加热到几百度时，它被从火上取下并渐渐冷却。
cough down 以咳嗽声来阻挠(演讲者)：
The angry audience coughed down the lecturer，whose point of view the audience did not agree to.
愤怒的听众以咳嗽声阻挠那演讲人，因为他的观点听众不同意。
crack down on 严加取缔;镇压：
We should crack down on gambling，for many people have been ruined by it.
我们应当严厉取缔赌博，因为许多人都被它毁掉了。
cram sth down sb’s throat 把某物硬塞给某人吃下;(填鸭式地)向某人反复灌输：
There will be a joint examination，the teacher crams lessons down his pupils’throats so that they may all pass it.
将举行会考，老师向他的学生们反复灌输功课以便他们全都能在会考中及格。
cry down 1
轰下(演讲者等)：
That speaker is often cried down，for what he preaches to others he himself does not practise.
那位演讲人时常被人轰下台，因为他教育别人做的事他自己不做。
2
贬损(某事物)：
A shrewd man often cries down honesty，he considers it the behaviour of pedantic people.
一个精明的人时常认为诚实没有用，他认为那是迂腐者的行为。
cut down 1
砍倒;砍伤：
In order to make room for newly-planted trees，the gardener cut down many dead trees.
为了给新种植的树腾地方，那园丁砍倒了许多枯树。
2
削减(数量、开支等)：
A student spends too much money every month，his parents have asked him to cut it down.
一个学生每月花的钱太多，他的父母已经要求他削减开支。
3
改小;缩短;删节(衣物、文章等)：
My bed is a bit too long for me，so I cut it down to suit my length.
我的床对我来说有点过长，所以我把它截短，以适合我的身长。
4
(疾病等)夺去……的生命;损害……的健康：
She went to a sanatorium to recuperate for some time，for a chronic illness had cut down her health.
她到一个疗养院疗养一些时候，因为一种慢性病损害了她的健康。
cut sth down to size 降低……的重要性或威望;还……的本来面目：
The importance of robots should be cut down to size，they are only tools and cannot replace human beings.
我们应当把机器人的重要性降低到它的本来面目，机器人是一种工具，它不能代替人。
cut sb down to size 灭某人威风;使回到原来身份：
My neighbour holds sway too young and stands high above the masses，people all want to cut him down to size.
我的邻人少年得志，高高在上，人们都想杀杀他的威风。
die down (炉火等)渐熄;(闹声等)渐消失;(骚乱等)渐平息：
Towards midnight，the stove fire died down，our room became a bit too cold.
近午夜时，炉火渐熄，我们屋里有点太冷了。
do sb down 1
欺骗某人：
It is a mean act to do others down，honest people all condemn it.
欺骗别人是卑鄙的行为，它受到正直人们的谴责。
2
(在背后)说某人的闲话：
Those who do others down behind their backs are all actuated by some ill motives.
背后说别人闲话的人，其动机都是不太好的。
doss down 〈俚语〉(找个简陋的地方)睡觉：
There is no bed in the room，I have to doss down in the corner with a board beneath me.
这屋里没有床，我只得身底铺一个木板在墙角睡觉。
down at the heel 1
穿破后跟的(指鞋)：
Your shoes have been down at the heel，you should change for a new pair.
你的鞋已经穿破了后跟，你应当换上一双新鞋。
2
不修边幅的;邋遢的(指人)：
That artist is down at the heel，people often mistake him as a beggar.
那个画家不修边幅，人们时常误以为他是个乞丐。
down below 在(建筑物等的)较低部分;在下面：
The cargo down below has not been unloaded，we are to unload it next week.
下面船舱内的货物尚未卸下，我们将于下星期卸它们。
down in the hip 沮丧的;垂头丧气的：
Dick is down in the hip，he has just been scolded by his father for making a serious mistake.
狄克垂头丧气，他犯严重错误，刚被他父亲责骂。
down in the mouth 沮丧的;垂头丧气的：
An employee lost his job for a pretty mistake，he was down in the mouth.
一位雇员因一点点错误而丢掉工作，他很沮丧。
Down the hatch! 〈口语〉干杯!
When people swallowed their drink，they said in chorus：“Down the hatch!”
当人们把杯中酒一饮而尽时，他们齐声说：“干杯!”
down the wind 顺风而驰：
Our ship was sailing down the wind at the speed of twelve knots an hour.
我们的船顺风而驰，速度达到每小时12海里。
down with 打倒：
“Down with the imperialists!”cried the crowd “They want to dismember our motherland. ”
人群高呼：“打倒帝国主义者! 帝国主义者想瓜分我们的祖国。”
down with one’s/the dust 〈俚语〉现款交易;付款：
No credit is given in their shop，you must be down with your dust if you do shopping there.
他们商店概不赊账，如果你在那里购物，你就得现款交易。
down with the helm 转舵向下风行驶：
When the ship sailed past a small island，the captain ordered：
“Down with the helm!”当船驶过一个小岛时，船长命令：
“转舵向下风行驶!”
drink down 以酒消(愁);喝光(尤指一口气喝光);以酒量将(对方)比倒：
That disappointed man drank down a bottle of white wine at a draught and walked away with faltering steps.
那个失意的人一口气喝光了一瓶白酒然后摇晃着走开了。
drop down 卧倒;向下游行驶：
After unloading its cargo，the vessel dropped down the river in the morning.
卸下船上的货物以后，该船在早晨向下游驶去。
fall down 跌倒;跌下：
When the old lady fell down，many people came up to her hastily and helped her up.
当那位老太太跌倒时，许多人急忙赶到近前把她扶起来。
fall down on 〈口语〉在……失败;没有做到：
The dealer fell down on business and was heavily in debt because he was a layman to the goods he dealt in.
那商人经商失败负债累累，因为他对他所经营的商品不是内行。
fall/go down on one’s knees 跪下：
When he said goodbye to his old mother，he fell down on his knees and kowtowed to her.
当他向老母亲告别时，他给母亲跪下和叩头。
fasten down 1
使牢固;钉上：
Father fastened down a board on the door to make it stronger.
父亲在门上钉上一块木板以便使门更坚固。
2
使作出决定;使定下：
He is an irresolute and hesitant man，you must fasten him down to a definite date.
他是个优柔寡断的人，你必须使他定下一个确切日期。
fetch down打落(飞机等);减轻(刑罚等)：
Adam is an expert marksman，he can fetch down two birds at one shot.
亚当是一位神枪手，他能一枪打下两只鸟。
fight down 镇压;抑制;克服：
One should fight down his incorrect thoughts once they appear in his mind.
当不正确的思想出现在心中时，应当抑制它。
fling down the gauntlet 挑战：
Our football team has flung down the gauntlet to the champion team.
我们足球队已经向冠军队发出挑战。
frown down 用皱眉压制住：
Father frowned down the two little brothers who were quarrelling with each other.
父亲用皱眉压制住正在争吵的两个小弟兄。
gear down (汽车)挂低速挡;开慢车：
When we drove into a mountain path，our driver geared down his car，for the path was rugged and rough.
当我们驶入一条山路时，司机将汽车开慢车，因为山路崎岖不平。
get down 1
下来;下车：
A naughty child cried because he could not get down from the tall tree which he had just climbed up.
一个淘气孩子哭了，因为他不能从一棵高树上下来，他刚爬上这棵高树。
2
(小孩吃完饭以后)离开餐桌：
Little Tom got down after he had taken his supper and put his knife and fork in order.
小汤姆吃完晚饭并把他的刀叉摆放整齐，然后离开餐桌。
get sth down 1
(困难地)咽下;吞下：
Only with much persuasion little Tom got down his remedy.
只是在多次劝说以后，小汤姆才把他的药吞下去。
2
记下：
笔录：
The secretary got down what her manager had said and straightened it up into a report.
那秘书把经理说的话记录下来，并把它整理成一份报告。
get sb down使抑郁;使沮丧：
He has done his best but still cannot succeed，this gets him down very much.
他已经尽了最大努力，但仍然不能成功，这使他非常沮丧。
get down on 对……产生恶感;开始不喜欢：
Neighbours got down on the youth because he often sang loudly at night and disturbed their sleep.
邻居们对那青年产生恶感，因为他时常在夜间高声歌唱，扰乱他们的睡眠。
get down to 安下心去做：
After the young man returns from his holiday tour，he gets down to his work.
那青年旅游回来以后，安下心去工作。
get down to brass tacks 直截了当地说;开门见山：
When the director interviewed us，he asked us to get down to brass tacks about our purpose in coming，because he was urgent in time and could not spent too much time with us.
当那位主任接见我们时，他请我们直截了当地说明来意，因为他时间紧迫，不能跟我们长谈。
get down to the guts of 触及(某事物)的实质：
Although his talk is brief，he gets down to the guts of the problem.
虽然他的谈话很简短，但他触及到该问题的实质。
get one’s/the tail down 畏缩;害怕;丧失勇气：
They often help and encourage the young man，for he is a bit too timid，whenever he meets with some difficulties or obstacles in his task，he will get his tail down.
他们时常帮助和鼓励那个青年，因为他有点太懦弱，工作上一遇到困难或障碍，他就畏缩不前。
go down 1
(价格等)下降;降落：
Owing to development of production and increase in supply，prices have gone down a great deal.
由于生产发展，供应增加，物价下降了很多。
2
(船等)下沉;(物体)落下：
The sun goes down behind the west mountains and little birds return to their nests in the wood.
日落西山;小鸟归林。
3
病倒：
John is too diligent in his work，he now goes down with overwork.
约翰在他的工作上太勤勉了，现在他由于过度劳累而病倒。
4
(风势)平静下来;(火)减弱：
Through efforts of fire fighters the fire went down gradually and was extinguished at last.
在消防人员的努力扑救下，火势逐渐减弱，最后被扑灭。
5
(指故事、戏剧、解释等被听者、观众所)接受;欢迎：
In that traffic accident，our pretext did not go down with policemen and we were heavily fined.
在那次交通事故中，我们的借口不被交通警察所接受，我们受到很重的罚款。
6
被记载下来：
His invention will go down as a great event into the history of mankind.
他的发明将作为一件大事被载入人类的历史。
7
到达：
He has ever gone down to far-away countries and remote lands in his life.
他一生中到过许多遥远的国土、偏僻的异邦。
8
离开大学;离开大城市、大地方：
After retirement he went down to wild mountains to pass the rest of his life.
退休以后他离开大城市到深山度过余生。
9
消退(病肿;气体等)：
His swollen legs have gone down and he begins to move slowly with them.
他的腿已经消肿，他开始用腿慢慢地走路。
10
倒下;垮台：
After the Roman Empire went down，many smaller countries began to set up in Europe.
古罗马帝国倒下以后，许多较小国家开始在欧洲建立。
go down before 被击败;被推翻：
In the Second World War，the Axis Powers went down before the Allied Powers in 1945
在第二次世界大战中，轴心国家被同盟国于1945年击败。
go down on one’s knees 跪下：
Before departing for the railway station，the dutiful son went down on his knees before his loving mother，asking her to take good care of herself.
在离家赴车站以前，那位孝子给老年的慈母跪下，请她多珍重身体。
go down stream 顺流而下：
As the wind is strong and favourable，our ship goes down stream swiftly.
由于风力很大，又是顺风，我们的船迅速地顺流而下。
go down the drain (资金等)被浪费掉;(计划等)失败;破产：
Owing to improper management and administration，their capital goes down the drain and the large enterprise closes down quickly.
由于不适当的经营管理，资金被浪费掉，那家大企业很快就倒闭了。
go down to the sea 到海滨去(度假等)：
Ellen and Bill went down to the sea together to spend their holiday merrily.
爱伦和比尔一同到海滨去欢乐地度他们的假日。
grind down 折磨;虐待;压迫：
We show unlimited sympathy for the poor and wretched who are ground down by poverty and misery.
我们对遭受贫穷灾难折磨的贫苦人们寄以无限的同情。
groan down 以似呻吟之声使停止作声：
That speaker was often groaned down by the audience because what he spoke was all hackneyed and stereotyped words.
那个演说者的发言时常被听众的起哄声音所压倒，因为他所说的都是些陈词滥调。
gulp down 1
吞食;吞饮：
A cat has gulped down several rats but it still seeks for more.
一个猫已经吞食了好几个老鼠，但它仍然在找更多的老鼠。
2
抑制：
That poor woman gulped down her sorrows and went away with tears in her eyes.
那位可怜的妇女忍住自己的悲伤，含着眼泪走开了。
gum down 用胶粘上：
They gummed down their late father’s portrait in a frame and hung it on the wall.
他们把已故父亲的肖像贴在一个镜框里，挂在墙上。
gun down 用枪射倒：
A hunter was besieged by several hungry wolves，he gunned down one of them and the others ran away.
一个猎人被几只饿狼所围困，他用枪射倒了其中的一只，其余的狼就逃走了。
hail sth down on (打击等)猛烈迅速地落于(某人)：
They hailed curses down on the man they hated.
他们猛烈地咒骂他们所恨的那个人。
hand down 传下来;发下：
The great cultural tradition of the Chinese nation has been handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years.
中华民族的伟大文化传统已经世代相传数千年。
hands down 毫不费力地;容易地：
Thomas is a man of unusual strength，he can raise a large stone with a single arm hands down.
托马斯是一个大力士，他能毫不费力地用一只胳臂举起一块大石。
have sb down把某人请来做客：
In order to show our gratitude to our benefactor，we have him down for a few days.
为了表示对我们恩人的感激之情，我们把他请来做几天客。
head down 修剪;剪齐(花、草等)：
Our gardener heads down apple trees and peach trees in spring so that they may bear more fruit in autumn.
我们的园丁春天修剪苹果树和桃树，以便秋天它们多结果实。
heave down 使(船)倾倒(以便修理)：
This ship is too old and shabby to sail any more，we have it hove down and repaired in the dock.
这艘轮船太破旧了，不能再航行，我们在船坞把它翻倒加以修理。
help sb down 把某人搀扶下来：
An ambulance stopped before the hospital，people helped an old patient down carefully.
一辆救护车停在医院门前，人们把一位年老的病人小心地搀扶下来。
hold down 1
压制;抑制(热情、感情等)：
We should not hold down their enthusiasm，we should encourage them to go on further.
我们不应当抑制他们的热情，我们要鼓励他们继续前进。
2
压低(等级、价格等);缩减：
We must hold down the production cost，improve the quality and increase patterns and variety of our products.
我们必须降低产品的生产成本，提高产品质量和增加产品的花色品种。
3
垂下：
When little Tom met his new teacher，he held down his head and dared not see her.
当小汤姆遇到他的新老师时，他垂下头不敢看她。
4
〈口语〉保持住(职位)：
Henry is much contented with his new post，so he does everything to show his competence so as to hold down the post.
亨利对于他的新职位非常满意，所以他用一切办法显示他的能力以保持住这个职位。
hunt down 穷追……直到捕获;搜寻……直到找到：
A hunter and his hounds hunted down a wolf though it was fierce and cunning.
虽然那只狼又凶猛又狡猾，但是猎人和他的猎犬还是把它追捕到了。
jump down sb’s throat 粗暴地回答或打断某人的谈话：
Henry knew nothing about politeness，he often jumped down Mary’s throat when she was talking.
亨利不懂礼貌，当玛丽讲话时，他时常粗暴地打断她的谈话。
keep sth down 1
镇压;压制：
The youth could not keep down his anger and wanted to fight with them.
那青年控制不住他的怒火，想跟他们打架。
2
保留(食物等)：
Although the patient began to eat some fluid food，he still could not keep it down.
虽然那病人已经开始吃一些流食，但仍然不能承受它。
3
缩减：
We must increase our income and keep down our expenditure so as to make them balance.
我们必须增加收入紧缩开支以达到收支平衡。
keep sb down 控制;压服(某人)：
Our manager runs his corporation in a democratic way，he consults with his office workers in everything and never keeps them down.
我们经理以民主方式经营他的公司，任何事都跟职员们商量，绝不压服他们。
kick down the ladder 过河拆桥;成功以后抛弃帮忙的人：
If a man has ever helped us，we should always remember him and be grateful to him，to kick down the ladder is an ungrateful act.
如果一个人曾经帮助过我们，我们应当永远记着他和感谢他，过河拆桥是一种忘恩负义的行为。
knock sth down 击落(飞机等);拆除：
That dangerous old building has been knocked down and a new and much taller building has been built up.
那个陈旧的危楼已被拆除，一座新的更高的楼已被建起。
knock sb down 使(某人)屈服;击倒;撞倒：
In the boxing-match one of the boxers is much stronger than his rival，he knocks down his rival with one stroke.
在拳击比赛中，一位拳击运动员比对手强壮得多，他一击就把对手击倒。
knock sth down to (在拍卖时)(把某物)击锤卖给：
A set of old chinaware has been knocked down to a connoisseur for one hundred dollars.
在拍卖时，一套古瓷器被一位鉴赏家以100元买去。
knock sb down with a feather 使某人大为惊奇：
The distinguished eloquence of that young speaker knocked us down with a feather.
那位青年演讲人的卓越口才使我们大为惊奇。
knuckle down to 认真努力工作：
An astronomer knuckled down to the galaxy observation so as to make a break through in this respect.
一位天文学家努力于星系的观测工作以便在这方面有所突破。
laugh down 1
用笑声来打断：
A little child tried to cheat his mother with a lie，but he was laughed down by his mother in the very beginning.
一个孩子试图用谎言欺骗他的母亲，但是刚一开始就被他母亲的笑声所打断。
2
用笑声来拒绝：
Alexander feels very sad，for each time he asks Alice to go out，he is laughed down by her.
亚历山大感到很伤心，因为每当他邀请爱丽丝外出游逛时，爱丽丝总是用笑声来拒绝。
lay sth down 1
放下(某物)：
At noon the mechanics laid down their tools and went to lunch.
中午，机械工人们放下手中的工具去吃午饭。
2
规定;制定(规则、制度等)：
The corporation laid down that all applicants should sit a written examination.
该公司规定，所有求职者都要参加笔试。
3
把……变为牧场：
They decided to lay down their land under grass so as to graze cattle and sheep.
他们决定把他们的土地变为牧场以饲养牛羊。
4
下(赌注)：
A gambler lost so much money that he became angry and laid down all his money on a single throw.
有一个赌徒输钱太多发怒了，他把他所有的钱都孤注一掷。
5
贮存(酒)于酒窖：
A millionaire laid down various wines to be used in his banquet.
一位百万富翁在窖中贮存了各种酒准备在他的宴会中饮用。
lay sb down 使某人躺下：
Henry is too tired today，no sooner has he got home than he lays himself down on bed.
亨利今天太累了，他刚一到家立刻就躺到床上。
lay down one’s arms 放下武器投降：
In the Second World War，the Nazi troops ran out of ammunition and food supplies，they laid down their arms.
在第二次世界大战中，纳粹军队弹尽粮绝，他们放下武器投降。
lay down one’s life 牺牲性命：
A noble and respected young man jumped into the river to save a child，the child was saved，but the young man laid down his life，we should memorize him for ever.
一位高贵可敬的青年跳下河中去救一个儿童，那儿童得救了，但那位青年牺牲了他的性命，我们应当永远纪念他。
lay down the law 发号施令;呵斥：
We dare not approach the man，for he is stern and always lays down the law.
我们不敢接近那个人，因为他很严厉，总爱发号施令。
let sth down (衣服)加长：
Mary fitted on her new coat and found it a bit too short，so she asked the tailor to let it down.
玛丽在试穿她的新外衣时，发现外衣有点短，所以她请裁缝把它加长。
let sb down 不帮助某人;使某人失望：
When we found that he disliked us and always did not adopt our opinion，we let him down.
当我们发现他不喜欢我们，也总不采纳我们的意见，我们就不帮助他了。
let sb down gently/easily 给某人留面子;宽容某人：
Our manager lets Edward down gently because this is the first time he makes a mistake.
我们经理宽容了艾德华，因为这是他第一次犯错误。
let down the bars 撤除障碍：
They have let down all the bars so that our proposal might be adopted by representatives.
他们已经消除了所有障碍以便我们的提议被代表们通过。
let sth go down the wind 抛弃某物：
As we have no conditions to carry out this plan，we have to let it go down the wind.
由于我们没有条件实现这个计划，所以只好抛弃它。
let one’s hair down (经过一段拘谨后)使身心放松一下;(指妇女)拿下发针使头发垂落肩头：
After she washed her face，she removed her hairpin and let her hair down.
她洗完脸后，拿下发针使头发垂落肩头。
let the whole show down 搞垮整个事情：
Impatience at trifles may let the whole show down.
小不忍则乱大谋。
level down 减低;减低高者使与低者同等：
The production cost is different in different factories，some are higher and some are lower，we should level down the higher.
各厂的生产成本各不相同，有的较高，有的较低，我们应当使较高的生产成本降低使与较低者同等。
lie down 躺下;躺倒不干：
When we lie down，our body temperature will rise for one or two degrees，so it is easier to catch cold when we sleep.
人们躺下时，体温升高一至二度，所以当我们睡觉时更容易感冒。
lie down on the job 〈口语〉不卖力;磨洋工;敷衍塞责：
We should do our work hard and diligently and neverlie down on the job.
我们应当努力和勤勉地做工作，绝不要敷衍塞责。
live down 改正行为而使(以往的过错)被人忘记：
Owing to his resolution，the young man has lived down his past mistake and become a good and honest youth.
由于意志坚决，那个青年已经改正自己过去的错误，变成一个善良诚实的青年。
look down 1
向下看;俯视：
Looking down from that ancient tower，we can see far-away mountains and nearby rivers.
从那个古塔向下看，我们可以看见远山近水。
2
(商业)跌价：
Market supplies of mountain products surpass its demand，so their price looks down recently.
山货市场供应超过了需求，所以它们的价格近来跌落。
look sb down 用目光慑服人：
The stern teacher looked down his pupils to keep them out of mischief.
那位严厉的老师用目光慑服他的学生们，使他们不敢淘气。
look down one’s nose at 1
轻视;瞧不起：
Dick considers himself No.
1in the world，so he looks down his nose at everyone.
狄克认为自己天下第一，所以他瞧不起任何人。
2
对……不悦：
Grandpa looks down his nose at his grandson，for the child often disobeys him and does something he does not like.
爷爷对他的小孙子不悦，因为他时常违背他的话，做些他不喜欢的事。
look down on/upon 轻视;瞧不起：
Since little Tom got full marks in his examination，he has looked down upon all his classmates.
自从小汤姆在考试中得了满分，他就瞧不起所有的同学们。
make down 改小(衣物)：
Mother had no money to buy new clothes for her boy，she only made down his father’s old clothes for him.
母亲没有钱给她的男孩买新衣服，她只是把他父亲的旧衣服改小给他穿。
mark down 记下;标低(商品)的价格：
In order to sell out his overstock，the shopkeeper has marked down the price of his goods.
为了卖出他的积压货品，那店主已经标低了他的商品价格。
melt down 熔化;熔毁：
Workers melt down iron or copper at a temperature of several hundred degrees and solidify them in the casting moulds.
工人们在数百度的温度上使铁或铜熔化，然后使它们在铸型中凝固。
(pay)money down (付)现款：
No credit is given at this shop，so customers all pay money down in their shopping.
这个商店概不赊账，所以顾客们购物都付现款。
mow down 刈除;扫除：
Many wolves attacked our exploration team in the wilderness，we had to mow them down with our guns.
许多狼在荒野攻击我们，我们不得不用枪把它们除掉。
nail down 1
确定;使成定案：
Managers of both sides have signed on this contract，so it has been nailed down.
双方的经理都已经在这个合同上签了字，所以该合同已成定局。
2
钉住;钉牢：
There is a hole on the door，Jim nails down a piece of wood to cover it.
门上有一个小洞，吉姆钉上一块木头把它遮住。
nose down (使)俯冲(指飞机)：
Jet planes of the earlier period often nosed down when they attacked ground targets.
早期的喷气式飞机在攻击地面目标时，时常俯冲。
One down! 〈美俚语〉来一个吐司! 第一个障碍排除了! Workers acclaimed “One down!”when they got ridof thefirst barrier.
当工人们清除掉第一个障碍时，他们欢呼：
“第一个障碍排除了!”
pare down expenses 削减费用：
In order to tide over the financial difficulty，the head office has asked all its branches to pare down expenses.
为了度过财政难关，总公司已经要求它的所有分支机构削减开支。
pay down 用现金支付;先支付(部分货款)：
Customers are asked to pay down(in cash) when they buy goods in great demand.
当顾客们购买畅销商品时，他们要用现金支付。
pay down/cash on the nail 立即付钱：
That company has plenty of cash，so they always pay down on the nail no matter what they buy.
那家公司现金充足，所以他们无论购买什么货物都是立即付款。
pin sb down 使受约束;使说明意图：
A naughty pupil does not obey the rule of the school，his teacher is trying to pin him down.
一个顽皮的学生不遵守校规，他的老师正在设法约束他。
pin sb down to 使某人信守(诺言、合同等)：
Once a promise is made，one should always keep it，if he does not，we should help him and pin him down to it.
一旦作出诺言，就应当永远遵守，如果有人不去遵守，我们就应当帮助他，使他遵守。
play down 贬低某事物的重要性：
We should never play down science and technology，they are the most important elements to raise our production.
我们不应当贬低科学和技术的重要性，它们是提高生产的最重要因素。
play down to 和善地对待：
He always plays down to those who have committed some mistake and helps them to turn over a new leaf.
他总是和善地对待那些犯过错误的人，并帮助他们改过自新。
play low down on 〈俚语〉用卑鄙的手段欺骗：
An honest man never plays low down on others，those who do like that will surely be seen through sooner or later.
正直的人绝不以卑鄙的手段欺骗别人，这样做的人早晚一定要被人看穿。
pluck down 拆毁(建筑物等);(把某人)拖下来;贬抑：
That dilapidated building is too dangerous for people to live in，we have decided to pluck it down.
那个破旧的楼房人住进去太危险，我们已经决定把它拆毁。
preach down 贬损;说倒：
Some people preach down the function of morality，this we cannot agree.
有些人贬低道德的作用，我们不能同意。
pull sth down 拉倒;摧毁;使(价格)下跌：
They pulled down a dangerous old building and built a grand theatre at the site.
他们拆掉了一所危险的旧楼房，在原址上建了一所大剧院。
pull sb down 使精神不振;使体格衰弱：
His old grandfather has been pulled down through such a serious illness.
经过这样一场大病以后，他的祖父身体非常虚弱。
pull down one’s vest 〈美俚语〉多管自己;别管闲事：
Edward spent most of his time on other’s affairs，he had better pull down his vest.
爱德华把他大部分时间都用在别人的事情上，他最好多管一下自己的事。
Pull down your jacket! 请镇定!不要激动!
Henry is an ardent young man but he is apt to get worked up，so his friends often tell him：“Pull down your jacket while dealing with problems or you may do something improper.
”亨利是一个热情的青年，但他容易激动，所以他的朋友们告诉他：“在处理问题时不要激动，否则你可能做出不适当的事情来。”
put sth down 1
放下(某物)：
The novelist put down his pen and fell deep in mediation.
那位小说家放下笔陷入沉思。
2
按下;压下：
He put down the spring and bound it with a copper wire.
他把弹簧按下去，用铜丝把它绑上。
3
镇压;取缔;制止：
Gambling has ruined many people and their families，we should put it down.
赌博已经毁害了许多人和他们的家庭，我们应当制止赌博。
4
削减(开支等)：
That company should put down its expenditure or it will soon go bankrupt.
那家公司应当削减开支，否则不久它将破产。
5
记下(姓名等)：
So many applicants come to apply for the post that we have to put down their addresses and tell them to wait for notice.
来申请该项职位的人太多，我们只好把他们的地址记下，叫他们等候通知。
put sb down 1
轻蔑;轻待：
We should pay due respect to people while associating with them，it is not advisable to put others down.
跟人们交往时我们要尊重别人，轻待别人是不可取的。
2
使降职：
The board of directors has put down an incompetent manager and appointed an able man in his place.
董事会已经把那不称职的经理降级，任命一个有能力的人代替他。
3
使某人下车：
All passengers were put down when the coach got to its terminal station.
当长途汽车到达终点时，所有旅客都下车了。
put sb down as (贬低地)视某人为：
Tom is very proud，he often puts others down as idiots and tries to teach them something.
汤姆非常骄傲，他时常把别人当做白痴，想教育教育他们。
put sb down for 把某人列入捐款名单：
Although the generous man is poor，he still puts himself down for a lot of money.
虽然那个慷慨的人穷困，但他仍然认捐了许多钱。
put sth down to 1
把……归因于：
He did not think about his own weak points but put his failure down to other’s mistake.
他不好好考虑自己的缺点而是把他的失败归因于别人的错误。
2
把……记到(某人)账上：
This amount of money should be put down to the account of their company.
这笔钱应当记在他们公司的账上。
3
把……用做某用途：
The farmer puts the field down to grass，he needs it to make hay for his livestock.
那位农民把田地充作长草之用，他需要为他的家畜制造干草。
put one’s foot down 〈口语〉坚持立场;反对：
When they solicited our opinion，we put our foot down and opposed that improper proposal.
当他们征求我们意见时，我们坚持立场，反对那个不适当的建议。
ram sth down sb’s throat 把某物硬塞给某人吃下去;向某人反复灌输：
An old man believes firmly in traditional virtue，he always rams it down other’s throats.
一位老年人坚信传统道德，他总是向别人反复灌输它。
render down 熔化(油脂)以提取(油);炼油：
A virtuous housewife is industrious and thrifty in running her home，she often renders down fat to get pure lard.
一位贤惠的家庭主妇勤俭持家，她时常把脂肪熔化以制作纯净的猪油。
ride down 1
骑马追上;骑马撞倒：
Get out of the way or I shall ride you down! 让开，否则我就用马把你撞倒! 2
践踏;欺压：
Powerful men should not ride down ordinary people，this has been written in the law.
有势力的人不许欺压平民，这已经在法律上写明了。
3
把(马)骑得精疲力尽：
When the knight got to the castle through a whole day’s galloping，he had ridden down his house.
当那位武士急驰一天到达城堡时，他已经把他的马骑得精疲力尽。
ring down 〈口语〉鸣铃闭(幕);使结束;使告终：
After various excellent performances，the get-together rang down at last.
在各种精彩表演节目以后，联欢会终于鸣铃闭幕。
row down (在赛船中)追上;赶过：
A large dragon boat rowed down all other boats in their race and won championship.
一只大龙舟在他们的比赛中赶过了所有船只，获得了冠军。
rub down 1
搓干擦净：
I rubbed myself down after I took a hot bath.
洗了一个热水澡以后我把自己身上搓干擦净。
2
把……擦亮;把……磨平：
He rubbed down the surface of a board and made it into a chessboard.
他把一块木板的表面磨平，把它做成一个棋盘。
3
彻底梳刷(马)：
When a knight arrived at an inn，he asked the inn-keeper to rub down his horse.
当一位武士到达一个小旅舍时，他请旅舍主人把他的马梳刷干净。
run down 1
跑下：
Children cannot keep rest for a little while，they always run up and down.
孩子们一时一刻也不能保持安静，他们总是跑上跑下。
2
(钟表等因发条走完而)停止：
I forgot to wind up the clock，it ran down at night.
我忘记给钟表上弦，它夜里停了。
3
逐渐筋疲力尽;健康逐渐变弱：
The man has toiled all day long，he now looks running down.
那人劳累了一整天，现在看起来筋疲力尽了。
run sb/sth down 1
与……相撞;撞倒：
A truck ran down the bridge rails and fell to the river.
一辆卡车撞倒了桥栏杆掉下河中。
2
说……的坏话;贬低：
It is a fatal defect to run down others behind their backs，it goes against the traditional virtue.
背后说人坏话是一个大缺点，它违背传统道德。
3
追获;追捕到：
The hunter is very glad，he runs down lots of small wild animals with the help of his hounds.
那猎人很高兴，他在他的猎犬帮助下追捕到许多小野兽。
salt down 1
腌制(鱼、肉等)：
That housewife has salted down various meat and fish for New Year’s day.
那位主妇已经腌制了各种肉和鱼供元旦享用。
2
〈美口语〉训斥：
Mother salted down her naughty child that the next time she saw him pull the cat’s tail，she would tell his father.
妈妈训斥她的顽皮孩子;下次再看见他拉猫的尾巴，她就告诉他的父亲。
scale down 按比例缩小;按比例减少：
Our head office asked its branches to scale down their expenses when their personnel had been diminished.
我们的总公司要求各分支机构，当他们的人员减少以后要按比例减少开支。
scrape down (用脚擦地板的噪音)阻止(演说者)说下去：
People scraped down this speaker，for what he spoke they did not agree.
人们用脚擦地板的噪音阻止这个演说者说下去，因为他演说的内容他们不同意。
screw down 1
拧紧;钉住(某物)：
A mechanic screwed down the cover of a diesel engine to prevent dust from falling into it.
一个修机工拧紧内燃机的机罩以防止灰尘落入机内。
2
降低(价格、租金等)：
Tenants asked their landlord to screw down his rent，they threatened to remove if he did not.
房客们要求他们的房东降低租金，他们威胁说，如果房东不降低租金，他们就搬家。
sell sb down the river 出卖某人;陷害某人：
A wicked person never hesitates to sell his friends down the river if it is of benefit to him.
如果出卖朋友对一个邪恶的人有利，他会毫不踌躇地去做。
send sth down使(价格、温度等)下降：
Many goods are slow-selling in the markets，their prices have been sent down.
市场上许多货物滞销，它们的价格已经下降。
send sb down (因行为不检而)开除：
A student was sent down，for he had committed a serious mistake.
一个学生因犯严重错误而被开除。
set sth down 1
放下;卸下：
When the peasant reached the country fair，he set down his agricultural products from his cart.
当那位农民到达集市以后，从大车上卸下他的农产品。
2
记载;记下：
A historian has set down this event and he’ll edit it into history.
一位历史学家已经把这个事件记载下来，他将把它编入历史。
3
把……归因于：
He set his success in business down to good luck and set his good luck down to his mother’ s kind-heartedness.
他把他做买卖的成功归因于运气好，又把他的好运气归因于他母亲的善心所致。
set sb down 1
使(乘客)下车：
The taxi driver set me down at a street corner and told me to enter a lane nearby.
出租车司机让我在一个街角下车，并告诉我进一个附近的小胡同。
2
把……视为;把……说成是：
When I first met that youth，Alice set him down as her cousin.
当我第一次遇见那位青年时，爱丽丝把他说成是她的表兄。
set oneself down as 把自己说成是;把自己视为：
After writing a few novels，the novelist becomes proud，he sets himself down as among the first-rate novelists in his country.
在写完几本小说以后，那小说家变得骄傲了，他把自己说成是国家第一流的小说家。
settle down 1
定居;安家：
That traveller had ever been to the remotest corners of the world，he settled down in a small town when he was old.
那位旅行家曾经到过天涯海角，他年老时在一个小城镇定居。
2
(使)安静地坐下：
After a long day’s toil，the man settled down in a chair for a good rest.
在一整天的辛劳以后，那人安静地坐在椅子上好好地休息一下。
3
(使)专心致志;(使)全神贯注(于某项工作)：
When everything had been done，the girl settled down and wrote her diary.
当一切事情都办完以后，那位姑娘就专心致志地写日记。
shake down 1
适应新的情况;安顿下来：
Children shook down well in the new kindergarten.
孩子们在新的幼儿园里适应得很好。
2
临时寄宿;(在临时床铺)睡觉：
When the explorers got to a small village，they shook down on the ground for the night.
当探险家们到达一个小村庄时，他们夜间都睡在地上。
shoot down 打落;击落;击伤;击毙：
He is a sharpshooter，he can shoot down two flying birds with a single shot of arrow.
他是个神箭手，他能一箭射中两只飞鸟。
shout sb down 大声叫喊压倒某人声音;比某人叫得更响：
Children quarrelled loudly among themselves，I had to shout them down and appeased them.
孩子们彼此高声争吵，我只好大声叫喊压倒他们的声音以使他们平静。
shut down (使)关闭;(使)停止营业：
The factory has shut down for lack of materials.
那家工厂已经停工待料。
shut down on/upon 制止;压制：
With the help of his friends，John has shut down on the selfish thought in his mind.
通过朋友们的帮助，约翰已经压制了心中的自私思想。
sit down 坐下;坐下来商谈;停手不干;扎营(于……前)：
When the guest came in，she asked him to sit down and have tea.
当客人们进来以后，她请客人坐下喝茶。
sit down hard on 断然反对;痛斥：
Representatives sat down hard on that incorrect proposal and refused to adopt it.
代表们断然反对该项不正确提议并且拒绝通过它。
sit down under 甘心忍受(侮辱等)：
He loved his wife so much that he sat down under any scolding she gave to him.
他非常爱他的妻子，他妻子对他的任何责骂他都甘心忍受。
sit down with 只好以……为满足;不得不忍受：
This youth sat down with a bare living because he could not find a better job to earn more money.
这个青年不得不忍受仅能��口的生活，因为他不能找到更好的工作多挣钱。
size down 由大到小地排列：
All exhibits are sized down in the large exhibition hall.
所有展品都在大展览厅中按照大小顺序排列。
slap down 1
粗暴地制止;压制：
The father is a rude man，he treats his children very sternly and slaps down their protest if they dare to make.
父亲是个粗暴的人，对待他的子女非常严厉;如果子女们敢于提出抗议时，他就粗暴地加以制止。
2
重放某物：
A drunkard slapped his cup down on the table after he had drunk it up.
一个醉鬼在饮干杯中酒以后“啪”的一声把杯子放在桌上。
smooth down 使平滑;使平静：
Before painting his furniture，Mr Black smoothed down its surface and got rid of all dirts from it.
在给家具上漆以前，布莱克先生先把家具的表面弄平滑并除掉所有污物。
speak down to 以上司的口吻对(某人)说话：
People are all averse to that fellow because he often speaks down to them.
人们都对那个家伙有反感，因为他时常以上司的口吻对他们说话。
spell down 在拼写比赛中胜过(某人)：
Sally is a clever girl，she spells down all her rivals in a contest and wins a prize.
莎莉是个伶俐的姑娘，她在一次拼写比赛中胜过所有对手，得了奖。
splash down (宇宙飞船、航天飞机等在海洋中)溅落：
Many ships and lifeboats patrol in the ocean，waiting for a space shuttle to splash down.
许多艘轮船和救生艇在大洋中巡航，等候一架航天飞机溅落。
stand down (候选人等)退出竞选(以支持别人)：
Some candidates have stood down to back up others in the election.
有些候选人已经退出竞选以便在这次选举中支持别人。
step down 辞职;下台：
Our director failed in his management，so he decided to step down.
我们的主任经营失败，所以他决定辞职下台。
step sth down 1
走下：
After an excellent performance，the famous singer stepped down the stage.
精彩的演唱完毕，那位著名的歌手走下了舞台。
2
逐步减低;降低(电压)：
As no one wants to buy his fruit，the pedlar has to step down its price to attract customers.
因为没有人想买他的水果，那商贩只得压价以吸引顾客。
stick down
〈口语：〉
1
放下(物品等)：
Stick it down please，you need not hold it all the time.
请把它放下，你用不着总拿着它。
2
粘住：
She loved these pictures very much，so she stuck them down on the wall.
她非常喜欢这些图画，所以她把它们粘在墙上。
strike down 1
击倒：
In the boxingmatch，the mighty boxer struck down his rival with a quick stroke and won the championship.
在拳击比赛中，那位强大的拳手用一记快拳把他的对手击倒，赢得冠军。
2
使病倒：
A bad fever strikes him down，we will send him to hospital.
他发高烧了，我们将把他送到医院。
stroke down 平息;安抚：
Mr Brown got angry with his workmate in the office，when he returned home，Mrs Brown comforted him by every possible means and stroked him down.
布朗先生在办公室跟一位同事生气了;他回到家时，布朗太太千方百计地安慰他，平息了他的怒气。
suit sb (down) to the ground 对某人非常适合：
The terms they offered suited us down to the ground，so we agreed with them at once.
他们所提的条件对我们十分适合，所以我们立刻就同意了。
take/bring/let sb down a peg or two 下某人的面子;杀某人的威风：
George grows arrogant more and more，people are thinking how to take him down a peg or two.
乔治变得越来越傲慢无礼，人们正在考虑如何杀杀他的威风。
take sth down 1
记录;记下：
This scholar asked his students to take down what he had taught them，for it would be helpful to them in future.
这位学者要求他的学生们把他所教的记下来，因为将来它对他们有用。
2
降低;降下;从……取下：
A shop-assistant carefully took down a piece of glassware from a shelf for his customer.
一位售货员小心地从货架上给顾客取下一件玻璃器皿。
3
拆毁;拆除;拆开：
Workers are taking down an old building to build their new workshop.
工人们正在拆除一所旧建筑物以建筑他们的新车间。
take sb down a button-hole 灭某人的气焰;杀某人的威风：
A young man is extremely proud and looks down upon everyone，his workmates are looking for a chance to take him down a button-hole.
一个年轻人极端骄傲，他看不起任何人，他的同事们正寻找机会消一消他的气焰。
take sth lying down 甘于接受某事物(如失败、挫折等)：
That coward man took his bad luck lying down，he dared not struggle against it.
那个懦弱的人甘心接受坏运气，他不敢跟它进行抗争。
talk sth down 通过无线电通讯使降落：
The experiment center on the ground has talked an aeroplane down by radio.
地面上的试验中心已经用无线电通知一个飞机降落。
talk sb down 以高声说话压倒：
When Paul quarrelled with his sister，he wrangled more loudly and talked her down.
当保罗跟他的姐妹吵嘴时，他吵的声音更高，用高声压倒了她。
talk down to 带优越性地对人谈话;(因轻视而)对人说话简单：
David’s father is the general manager of a big enterprise，so David often talks down to his friends.
大卫的父亲是一家大企业的总经理，所以大卫对他的朋友们讲起话来，常有优越感。
tear down 拆毁;扯下;诋毁(名誉等)：
The boy tore down several pages from a magazine，for there were beautiful pictures on them.
那男孩从一本杂志上扯下好几页，因为它们上面有美丽的图画。
throw down the glove/gauntlet 提出挑战;邀请某人参加较量：
A strong football team has thrown down the glove to us，we decide to take it up.
一个足球强队已经向我们提出挑战，我们决定应战。
throw oneself down 全身伸展地躺下：
When people got to the seashore，they all threw themselves down on the sands to enjoy sunshine.
当人们到了海滨时，大家都全身伸展地躺在沙滩上享受太阳照射。
thrust/force sth down sb’s throat把某物硬塞给某人吃下;反复对某人灌输某事：
Charles is a rough youth，so his parents often thrust politeness down his throat.
查理是个粗鲁的青年，所以他的父母时常反复地向他灌输应当注重礼貌。
Thumbs down! 糟糕! 差劲!
“Thumbs down! Our team has lost two matches successively.
”“糟糕! 我们队已经接连输了两场比赛。”
tie sb down 束缚某人;限制某人自由：
He has a large family to support，this has tied him down.
他需要赡养一个大家庭，这就把他束缚住了。
tie sb down to 使某人处于……约束之下：
The shopkeeper has signed a contract with others，this ties him down to its articles.
那店主人已经跟别人签订了一个合同，这就把他置于该合同条款的约束之下。
tone down (使)降低;(使)柔和;(使)缓和：
At first the man talked to us with harsh words，gradually he toned down his voice.
最初，那人对我们说话很严厉，慢慢地他缓和了他的语调。
track down追踪到;搜索到;追捕到：
With the help of his hounds，the hunter has tracked down a wolf and caught it alive.
在猎犬们的帮助下，那猎人已经追踪到一只狼，把它活捉住。
tread down 踩下;踩实;抑制;压服：
After planting some young trees，father told his children to tread down the earth around their roots and pour some wate，种上一些小树以后，父亲告诉他的孩子们把围绕根部的泥土踩实，再浇上一些水。
turn sb/sth down 1
翻下;折下：
He feels the collar of his new coat a little too high，so he turns it down to make his neck free.
他感觉他的新上衣的衣领有点太高，他就把它翻下来使他的颈部自由。
2
拒绝(提议、建议等)：
He wanted to travel together with us，but we turned him down.
他想跟我们一道去旅行，但是我们拒绝了他。
3
使面朝下：
In order to be more careful，the artist turned down the old picture to examine its back.
为了更谨慎起见，那画家把古画反过来以检验它的背部。
4
关小;调低(煤气等)：
He turned down the oil-lamp，the little room became dark at once.
他把油灯拧小，小屋立刻变得黑暗。
turn down the thumb 贬低;表示反对：
They asked our team to have a match with them，but our team leader turned down the thumb.
约翰要求我们队跟他们队进行比赛，但是我们队长反对。
turn the facts upside down 颠倒是非：
He is such a man who can turn the facts upside down without blushing.
他是那种颠倒是非而毫不脸红的人。
turn upside down 翻转;颠倒：
The plate is a piece of old chinaware，we turn it upside down to see the date of its manufacture.
那个碟子是一件古瓷，我们把它翻过来，看看它的制造日期。
two/three etc doors down 从这里过去第二个(第三个……)门：
She is our near neighbour，she lives only three doors down.
她是我们的近邻，她就住在从这里过去第三个门。
vote down 否决(某事);投票令(某人)下台：
The representatives voted down this suggestion because it was incorrect.
代表们否决这个提议，因为这个提议不正确。
walk down 1
通过散步消化(食物)：
That glutton has taken too much greasy food，he is now walking it down.
那个贪食者吃油腻食物过多，他现在正在散步消化它们。
2
在步行速度或距离上胜过：
John is a quick walker，he has walked down all of us in speed.
约翰是个健行者，他的步行速度，把我们都胜过了。
wash down 冲洗;冲净;(用水冲着)咽下：
It took us two good hours to wash down the whole dirty car.
冲洗那辆脏汽车占用我们整整2个小时。
wash down sth with (用水冲着)吞下;咽下：
Children are not habitual to taking medicine，they have to wash it down with water.
孩子们不习惯吃药，他们必须用水冲着咽下。
water down (在某物中)掺水;冲淡某物：
A pub keeper is very cunning，he waters down his wine to make more money.
一个酒馆主人非常狡猾，他在酒中掺水以便赚更多的钱。
wear down (使)磨损;(使)消耗;(使)筋疲力尽：
Our tyres have been worn down too much for long use，we have to change them with some new ones.
我们的轮胎由于长期使用已经磨损坏了，我们必须把它们换上新的。
weigh sth down 压低;比……更重：
There are so many large apples in the tree，they weigh down its branches.
树上大苹果太多了，它们把树枝都压弯了。
weigh sb down 沉重地压在某人心头：
Mother was weighed down with anxieties，she had not received from her son for weeks.
母亲心中非常忧虑，她已经好几个星期没有收到她儿子的来信了。
win (sth)hands down (马)很容易地跑赢;(人)很容易获胜：
Our team won championship hands down，for we were by far superior in skill and sportsmanship.
我们队很容易地赢得冠军，因为在球艺上和竞技精神上比他们强得太多。
write sth down 1
写下;记下：
Just a minute，let me write down what you have said.
请等一等，让我把你说的话写下。
2
写文章贬损：
They tried to write down the brilliant morality of yours，but their attempt was in vain.
他们试图写文章贬损你的光辉道德形象，但没有得逞。
write sb down as (贬损地)把……写成;把……说成：
The writer writes one of his characters down as a fool so as to make his novel funny.
那作者把他的一个人物描写成傻瓜以便使他的小说滑稽。


李士钧 编著.
英语介词用法词典.
天津：
天津科学技术出版社.
2003.
第179-203页.
随便看

　

英语用法大全包含115条英语用法指南，基本涵盖了全部常用英文词汇及语法点的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。

　

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更新时间：2025/4/28 2:52:50