vt. & vi.审判；评判；断定 act as a judge; give a decision in a competition, etc.; form an opinion about

　～ the distance　判断距离
　～ the murder case　审理谋杀案
　～ the quality　评价质量
　～ accurately　准确地判断
　～ adversely　相反地评论
　～ brutally　残酷地评判
　～ candidly　正直地审判
　～ casually　非正式地评判
　～ cautiously　谨慎地评判
　～ delightedly　高兴地评判
　～ equitably　公正地评判
　～ fairly　公正地审判
　～ fondly　盲目地评判
　～ freely　随意地评判
　～ harshly　从严判决
　～ hastily　仓促地审判
　～ immediately　立即评判
　～ intelligently　聪明地评判
　～ kindly　仁慈地审判
　～ leniently　从宽判决
　～ peacefully　平静地判决
　～ philosophically　冷静地判决
　～ probably　适当地评判
　～ recklessly　轻率地评判
　～ regretfully　遗憾地判决
　～ reluctantly　不情愿地评判
　～ rightly　正确地审判
　～ scientifically　科学地判决
　～ secretly　秘密地判决
　～ sensibly　明智地判决
　～ shamefully　无耻地评判
　～ unfairly　不公正地审判
　～ unwisely　不明智地评判
　～ according to　根据…评价
　～ at a show　在展览会上作评审工作
　～ between right and wrong　判断是非
　～ between the two　在这两个中选一个，判断（是非）
　～ by　从…来判断，根据…来判断
　～ by what sb say　由某人的话看来
　～ for oneself　自己作出判断
　～ from　从…判断，根据…来判断
　～ from sb's manner　从某人的举止上判断
　～ from the facts　根据事实判断
　～ of　对…评价
　～ of a man by his looks　以貌取人
　～ of a picture　评价一幅画
　～ on　下评语

　I am not in the position to judge.　我无权作出判断。
　As far as I can judge, this book is useful.　据我判断，这本书有用。
　He was asked to judge at the art exhibition.　他被邀请当画展的评委。
　They have their own minds. They will judge for themselves.　他们自己有头脑，可以自己作出判断。
　It is hard to judge this case.　这个案子很难断。
　The court was unable to judge the case before all evidence was put before it.　在全部证据被提出来之前，法庭不能审判这个案子。
　She seemed to be watching him, judging him.　她似乎在观察他，评价他。
　Who is going to judge the horses?　谁来评判马匹的优劣呢?
　Who is going to judge the long-jump competition?　谁来当跳远比赛的裁判?
　Teachers always judge their students on the final examination.　老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
　We must know how to judge people.　我们必须善于识别人。
　They were not judged fairly.　对他们的评判是不公正的。
　Can you judge which way to take?　你能判断应走哪一条路吗?
　He was calm and concentrated in judging how to defeat his opponent.　他冷静沉着，聚精会神地判断如何打败对手。
　The police judged the criminal was still in the city.　警察断定该罪犯仍在这个城市。
　The teacher judged his students had finished the exercises.　老师估计学生们已做完了练习。
　I judged, from his manner, that he was guilty.　从他的举止态度来看，我判断他有罪。
　I judged that you had forgotten to come.　我判断你是忘记来了。
　I judged that it was best to resign.　我认为辞职是最好的选择。
　We judge that she is the best candidate.　我们认为她是最佳人选。
　He's too young to judge which is better.　他太年轻，不能判断哪一个更好。
　How will they judge which is likely to be reliable?　他们如何断定哪一个是更可靠的?
　Can you judge who will win?　你能断定谁会获胜吗?
　Nobody can judge why he did it.　谁都无法判断他为什么干那事。
　Can you judge how he finished it so soon?　你能判断他怎样如此快速地完成了这件事?
　I can't judge whether he was right or wrong.　我不能断定他是对还是错。
　I can't judge whether he will come today.　我不能断定他今天是否来这里。
　I couldn't judge whether the delay was good or bad.　我不能断定这样延迟是好还是坏。
　I judge him a skilled worker.　我断定他是个熟练工人。
　We judged the distance to be four miles.　我们估计距离在4英里。
　He judged them to be the best plays he had ever seen.　他认为它们是他看过的最好的话剧。
　They judged her stupid.　他们认为她很蠢。
　I judge him to be loyal.　我认为他很忠诚。
　These horses were judged the best in the county.　这些马被评为全县最好的马。
　She judged it a useless attempt to advise him.　她断定，给他提建议是徒劳的。
　He judges it safer to go away than to stay.　他认为离开比留下安全。
　The committee judged it better to start the work at once.　委员会认为最好立即开始这项工作。
　She judged them to have finished.　她断定他们已经干完了。
　I judged them to have gone.　我断定他们已经走了。
　They judged it of little importance.　他们断定它毫不重要。
　By noon, all 61 people were judged out of danger.　到中午时，有61个人看来脱离了危险。

 ♣ judge between　(v.+prep.)
　在…间判定优劣　decide which is the better of two things or people
　〔说明〕 judge between通常不用于进行体。
　God will judge between you and me.　上帝会在你我之间作出裁决。
　It is impossible to judge between the two paintings, they're both charming.　评定出这两幅画的优劣不可能，因为两幅画都很美。
 ♣ judge by〔from〕　(v.+prep.)
　根据〔由〕…作出判断　base one's opinion of sth on sth; form an opinion based on sth
　〔说明〕 本习语作此解时常用不定式或现在分词形式在句中作插入语。
　Judging by the sound of his voice, the man couldn't be very young.　听声音，那人已不太年轻。
　Judging by the response of the audience, the performance was quite a success.　从观众的反应看来，这次演出相当成功。
　Judging by her dress, she may be of the Yi nationality.　从她的打扮看，她或许是彝族人。
　Judging by the look in her face, she might have failed the examination.　根据其脸上的表情来判断，她可能考试没及格。
　To judge from the present information, the dead was still alive at three o'clock.　从目前得到的情况来看，死者3点钟时还活着。
　Don't judge from appearances.　人不可貌相。
　Judging from what he said, he is an old hand in this field.　从他的谈话来看，他是这方面的老手。
　Judging from his conduct, I assume he is lacking in education.　从他的行为来看，我认为他缺乏教育。
　Judging from what you say, he is fully justified doing so.　照你所说的，他这样做完全有理由。
　Judging from her letters, mother seems to be feeling a lot better.　从妈妈的信来看，她似乎感觉好多了。
　Don't judge a man by his looks.　勿以貌取人。
　You'd better not judge him by his appearance.　你最好不要根据他的外表对他作出判断。
　You can't judge this by its result.　你不能从它的结果来判断这件事。
　You can't judge a book by its covers.　你不能仅凭封面来判定一本书的好坏。（不能以貌取人。)
　People are liable to judge others from their own first impressions.　人容易以自己的最初印象来评价别人。
　I judge by his dress that he is a rich man.　我从他的穿着看出他是个有钱人。
　This case is being judged by the Supreme Court.　本案正由最高法院审理。
 ♣ judge of　(v.+prep.)
　对…作出评价　form a critical evaluation of
　I really don't know how to judge of a picture.　我实在不知道如何评价一幅画。
　I find it hard to judge of my own work.　我觉得很难判断自己的工作如何。
　I cannot judge of these things till I examine them carefully.　在对这些事情作仔细考查之前，我无法对它们进行判断。
　You can judge of its merits and demerits for yourself.　你可以自己判断它的优劣。

 ♣ judge, adjudge, adjudicate, arbitrate
　这组词都有“裁决”的意思。其区别是：judge指在审查了双方的证据，听取了证词和衡量了双方的功过之后裁定哪一方正确或有理，强调审判的“过程”; adjudge指在审判结束或在审判过程中法庭作出判决，强调审判“程序”; adjudicate指法庭以裁定、宣判或法令等形式作出正式和慎重决议，即强调审判“结果”; arbitrate指由一人或多人组成的机构对有争执的事件作出慎重决定，这种机构的设立不一定符合法律程序，但为争执双方认可。
 ♣ judge, conclude, deduce, gather, infer
　参见gather条。
 ♣ 下面的句子意思相同，但语体不尽相同：前两句属于非正式语体，多用于比较随便的口语会话中；后三句较为正式，多用于书面语体。试体会：

　很糟糕，他错估了当前形势。
　［误］ He badly judged the present situation.
　［正］ He judged the present situation badly.
　［析］ judge一般不与加强程度或语气的词直接连用，如果需要这类词修饰时，要将其置于句尾修饰全句。

1. C 法官，审判员　 a public official who has the power to decide questions brought before a court of law
2. C 裁判员，评判员　 a person who has been appointed to decided the result of a competition
3. C 鉴定人，鉴赏家　 a person who has the knowledge and experience to give valuable opinions

　act as ～　当法官
　appeal to ～　上诉到法官
　appoint ～　委派法官
　become a ～　当法官
　elect ～　选举法官
　hire ～　雇佣评判员
　impeach ～　弹劾法官
　oust ～　驱逐法官
　associate ～　陪审员
　brutal ～　残忍的法官
　capable ～　能干的法官
　capital ～　首席法官
　competent ～　能胜任的法官
　constitutional ～　任命的法官
　disinterested ～　公正的法官
　dispassionate ～　冷静的法官
　dyspeptic ～　易怒的法官
　elective ～　选任的法官
　equitable ～　公平的法官
　existing ～　现任法官
　fastidious ～　苛刻的法官
　favorable ～　赢得赞同的法官，前途有望的法官
　finicky ～　苛刻的法官
　fitting ～　称职的法官
　frowning ～　不悦的法官
　honorable ～　受人尊敬的法官
　imaginary ～　富于想象的法官
　learned ～　博学的法官
　rightful ～　公正的法官
　ruthless ～　公正的法官
　sagacious ～　有洞察力的法官
　shrewd ～　精明的法官
　sole ～　唯一的法官
　supreme ～　最高法官
　sympathetic ～　富于同情心的法官
　terrible ～　令人胆寒的法官
　undiscriminating ～　公正的法官
　upright ～　正直的法官
　wicked ～　邪恶的法官
　worthy ～　杰出的法官
　army ～　军事法官
　beauty ～　选美评判人
　district ～　地区法官
　field ～　场内裁判员
　～ Advocate　总法官，军法检察官
　～ Advocate General　军法署署长
　～ Advocate General's Department　军法处，军法署
　as grave as a ～　像法官一样庄重，非常严肃
　be taken before the ～　被提受审
　be tried by a ～　由审判官审问
　～ at a fair　博览会的评判员
　～ at a flower show　花展评判人
　～ at a sports meet　运动会的裁判员
　be no ～ in such matters　对这些事是外行
　good ～ of cattle　鉴别牲畜的行家
　not a ～ of paintings　不懂绘画评论

　As a judge, she tried her best to exercise her power.　作为法官，她尽力行使自己的权力。
　The judge refused to give him another hearing.　审判官拒绝再给他一次申辩的机会。
　The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the explosion.　法官判给那次爆炸受害者一大笔赔偿金。
　The president has not appointed a single black judge to the south.　总统从未向南方委派过一个黑人法官。
　The prisoner appealed to the judge for mercy.　囚犯恳求法官宽大处理。
　If I tell the judge that I wasn't there, will you bear me out?　如果我告诉法官我不在场，你能为我作证吗?
　He came back at the judge with some sharp questions.　他提出了几个尖锐的问题来反驳法官。
　The judge asked the whole group to dismiss the lawyer's remark from their minds.　法官要求全体组员忘记这个律师所说的话。
　A judge will discriminate between different degrees of crime.　法官会区分罪行的轻重程度。
　The powers of a judge are defined by law.　法官的权限是由法律规定的。
　The judge was biased in favour of the second candidate, who was educated at the same college as himself.　评判员对第二名候选人有偏袒，他们俩在同一所学校受过教育。
　The panel of judges included several well-known writers.　评判小组中包括几位知名作家。
　The judges awarded the prize to her.　裁判判定她得奖。
　I'm no judge of music, but I know what I like.　我不是音乐鉴赏家，但我知道我喜欢什么。
　She's a good judge of character.　她很能鉴别人的性格。
　I don't like this wine—not that I'm any judge.　我不喜欢这种酒，这倒不是说我是什么评酒的行家。
　He is no judge on such matters.　对于这些事，他是外行。
　Mr. Taylor is a good judge of the fine arts.　泰勒先生是美术鉴赏行家。
　He is a good judge of horses.　他是鉴赏马的行家。
　It sounds a very bad poem to me. But I'm no judge.　我听起来这首诗很糟，但我是外行。

 ♣ judge, arbiter, arbitrator, referee, umpire
　这组词都可指在观点发生冲突或分歧的情况下，有权或授权作出裁决的人。其区别是：judge的本义指主持法院工作并听取证词，对案件作出判决的法官。广义上讲， judge可指鉴定人。arbitrator和arbiter均可指从争议双方推举出来解决分歧的仲裁者或公断人，但arbitrator更为常见。arbitrator通常单独或与人合作来裁决（尤指劳工方面的）纠纷，而arbiter（书面语）常指没有权威或官职而靠自己的权威对非法律问题（如时装、文学等）作出决断或提出乐意遵从的准则的人。例如：
　Dress designers, not dress-makers, are the arbiters of women's fashions.　由服装设计师而不是缝衣匠来判定女装的流行款式。
　referee　和umpire均含有arbitrator（仲裁者、公断人）的含义。在此意义上， referee适用于在技术方面为处理特殊诉讼案件而由官方指定的仲裁人；而umpire是指在重要或错综复杂的论点中，当双方公断人发生意见冲突或僵持不下时，出面进行最终裁决的人。此外，两词还常用于体育方面，指那些被指定实施比赛规则、排解纠纷的裁判员。此时的referee指篮球、台球、拳击、足球、曲棍球等比赛的裁判；而umpire常指在网球、羽毛球、乒乓球、排球、游泳等比赛中充当裁判的人员。此外，乒乓球和网球的裁判有时也称judge.

　［同义词］ v. adjudge, adjudicate, arbitrate; condemn, convict, sentence n. arbiter, arbitrator, referee, umpire
　［词源］　古法语jugier