【问】 (1)Had you informed us earlier we would have taken the necessary steps. 如果你早些通知我们,我们会采取必要措施。(《英语语法词典》,四川人民出版社,1996,P.46) (2)If this sleeplessness would have been allowed to go on,she would have collapsed. 这种失眠如果任其发展,她就会挎掉的。(《高级英语语法》,高等教育出版社,1994, P.548) (3)If I had been taller,I would have joined the police force. (LEG) 如果我的个头儿再高一点,我就会当警察。(《朗文英语语法》,外研社,1992,P.527) (4)If I had had any sense,I would have kept quiet about it. (LEG) 如果我有见识的话,我就会对此保持沉默。(同上) (5)If we had gone by car,we would have saved time. (LEG) 发果我们乘车去,我们就会节省时间。(同上) subjunctive mood6 1106 我觉得上面的译文没有把原意表达出来,请分析。 【答】 大家知道,上面的条件从句所表达的条件与过去的既成事实是相反的,主句所表达的结果也是与过去的既成事实相反的。但上面的译文都没有把这一点给表达出来。上面的诸译文完全可以理解为指现在时间或指将来时间。此外,译文的条件从句也完全可以理解为真实条件从句。我们发现,许多英语著作在翻译此类句子时常常犯类似的错误。我们应当注意,在英语里,时间关系是通过语法手段(时态)表达出来的。而在汉语里无此语法手段,因此在翻译此类句子时必须用适当的词汇手段把“与过去事实相反”这一层意思表达出来。 (1)要是那时你早些通知我们的话,我们就采取必要措施了。 (2)要是这种失眠当时任其发展下去的话,她早就跨掉了。 (3)如果那时我的个头再高一点儿,我就当上警察了。 (4)如果当时我懂事的话,我就对那件事保持沉默了。 (5)如果那时我们乘车去的话,我们就节省时间了。 请做下面的英语试题,并译成汉语 “I failed my math test.” “If you_________hard,you could have passed. ” A. had studied B. would have studied C. did study D. study(TOEFL,70. 3)