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词组 a lot of/much
释义
a lot of/much     

【问】 There’s____those bottles there.
 A. much beer on B. much beer in
 C. a lot of beer in D. a lot of beer on(Nelson,100C)
 规定答案为C(a lot of)。我不明白为什么不能选B( much beer in)。much与不可数名词连用,不是完全符合英语惯用法的吗?
 【答】 much不带修饰语时,具有非断定的意义,通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
 1. I don’ t have much time. (CGEL)
 我没有很多时间。
 2. I don’t like them much. (CGEL)
 我不大喜欢他们。
 3. Is there much water in the bottle? (Nelson,100A)
 瓶子里有很多水吗?
 4. The English do not drink much wine. (Palmer)
 英国人不饮大量的酒。
 在断定语境中,大都使用plenty of,a lot of来代替。
 1. We have a lot (plenty) of time.
 我们有很多时间。
 2. The room contained a lot of (plenty of) furniture. (CGEL)
 房间里有许多家俱。
 应当指出,当much带有修饰语时,即可用在肯定句中:
 1. I have eaten too much of the food. (CGEL)
 我吃的食物太多了。
 2. I have got too much work to do. (LDCE)
 我要干的工作太多。
 3. I have so much in common with Clarice. (Du Maurier)
 我与克拉丽斯有许多共同之处。
 我们前面说过,much通常用于否定句和疑问句中,而并没有说much永远不能用于肯定句中。还是CGEL的作者们说得严密:“结果是many和much不含某种否定或疑问含义,就极少使用”。因此,much用于肯定句的例子(尤其是用在句首的例子)肯定是能查到的:
 1. Much has been said about the cost of medicine. (CGEL)
 关于医药费的事,已经谈了许多了。
 2. Much of the time was wasted. (UED)
 许多时间都浪费掉了。
 3. I have much to talk over with him. (Yeats)
 我有许多事要和他谈。
 4. There is much good in him. (MD)
 他有许多优点。


赵振才 编著.英语常见问题解答大词典.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社.1998.第14页.
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