■ prohibit 与 forbid两者词义几乎完全相同（可以是权威的“禁止”，也可以是客观情况的“阻止”），既可以指延续的“不准”、“不许可”状态（属第一类动词），也可以指瞬时的“宣布禁止”行动（属第四类动词）。只是 forbid 没有 prohibit 正式。 1) 两者都可以以犯禁或被阻之事为直接宾语（可以转换为被动语态）。 - Our budget prohibits further increase in expenditure.我们的预算不准进一步增加开支。
- Drinking alcohol at work is prohibited.禁止工作时饮酒。
- Smoking is strictly prohibited.严禁吸烟。
- The law forbids hunting animals in this forest.法律禁止在这片树林里猎杀动物。
- ... the whole attraction of such knowledge consists in the fact that it is forbidden. (Bertrand Arthur William Russell)…这样的知识，其吸引力全都在于它是犯禁的这一事实上。
2)但是在“禁止或阻止某人做某事”的搭配上，两者有些不同。prohibit + 某人 + from + doing，但 forbid + 某人 + to inf. doing。- prohibit people from swimming in the river禁止人们下河游泳
- The law prohibits ships from approaching this island.法律禁止船只靠近这个岛。
- The doctor forbids him to smoke.医生不让他吸烟。
- I forbid you contradicting me.我不许你反驳我。
- The regulations prohibit me from disclosing the results.按照规章，我不能透露结果。
- The rain prohibited us from going.我们因雨未能前往。
- Lack of money forbade him to continue his studies.他因为缺钱，无法继续学业。
- Business prohibited him from going.他有公务无法前往。
- Bad weather forbade us to go out.天气恶劣，我们无法出去。
但是偶尔也有说 forbid somebody from doing something 和 prohibit somebody to inf. 的。 - The order forbade officials from receiving "free or cheap house renovations."该命令禁止官员接受“免费或低价的住宅装修”。
- ... they are prohibited to add new names (H.C. Burdick, Sales Promotion by Mail)…他们被禁止增加新的名字。
3) forbid 也可以以人为间接宾语，以犯禁或受阻之事为直接宾语。 - The doctor forbade the patient sweets.医生禁止病人吃糖果。
- They forbade him participation.它们不准他参加。
可以转换为被动语态，将间接宾语变为主语。 - He was forbidden tobacco.他被禁止吸烟。
将直接宾语变为主语的较少，例如： - Tobacco was forbidden to him.
4) 两者都可以后面加上 one's + doing 作为直接宾语。 - Business prohibited his going.他有公务无法前往。
- My father forbade my using his car.我父亲不许我用他的车子。
5) forbid 后面可以接上 that 从句，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。 - My father forbade that I should use (American English: that I use) his car.我父亲不许我用他的车子。
- They forbid that the wine bottle should be (American English: that the wine bottle be) opened.他们不许把酒瓶打开。
prohibit 则不习惯接上 that 从句。 目录 |