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词组 prohibit 与 forbid
释义

■ prohibit 与 forbid

两者词义几乎完全相同(可以是权威的“禁止”,也可以是客观情况的“阻止”),既可以指延续的“不准”、“不许可”状态(属第一类动词),也可以指瞬时的“宣布禁止”行动(属第四类动词)。只是 forbid 没有 prohibit 正式。

1) 两者都可以以犯禁或被阻之事为直接宾语(可以转换为被动语态)。

  • Our budget prohibits further increase in expenditure.我们的预算不准进一步增加开支。
  • Drinking alcohol at work is prohibited.禁止工作时饮酒。
  • Smoking is strictly prohibited.严禁吸烟。
  • The law forbids hunting animals in this forest.法律禁止在这片树林里猎杀动物。
  • ... the whole attraction of such knowledge consists in the fact that it is forbidden. (Bertrand Arthur William Russell)…这样的知识,其吸引力全都在于它是犯禁的这一事实上。

2)但是在“禁止或阻止某人做某事”的搭配上,两者有些不同。prohibit + 某人 + from + doing,但 forbid + 某人 + to inf.

  • doing。

    • prohibit people from swimming in the river禁止人们下河游泳
    • The law prohibits ships from approaching this island.法律禁止船只靠近这个岛。
    • The doctor forbids him to smoke.医生不让他吸烟。
    • I forbid you contradicting me.我不许你反驳我。
    • The regulations prohibit me from disclosing the results.按照规章,我不能透露结果。
    • The rain prohibited us from going.我们因雨未能前往。
    • Lack of money forbade him to continue his studies.他因为缺钱,无法继续学业。
    • Business prohibited him from going.他有公务无法前往。
    • Bad weather forbade us to go out.天气恶劣,我们无法出去。

    但是偶尔也有说 forbid somebody from doing something 和 prohibit somebody to inf. 的。

    • The order forbade officials from receiving "free or cheap house renovations."该命令禁止官员接受“免费或低价的住宅装修”。
    • ... they are prohibited to add new names (H.C. Burdick, Sales Promotion by Mail)…他们被禁止增加新的名字。
  • 3) forbid 也可以以人为间接宾语,以犯禁或受阻之事为直接宾语。

    • The doctor forbade the patient sweets.医生禁止病人吃糖果。
    • They forbade him participation.它们不准他参加。

    可以转换为被动语态,将间接宾语变为主语。

    • He was forbidden tobacco.他被禁止吸烟。

    将直接宾语变为主语的较少,例如:

    • Tobacco was forbidden to him.

    4) 两者都可以后面加上 one's + doing 作为直接宾语。

    • Business prohibited his going.他有公务无法前往。
    • My father forbade my using his car.我父亲不许我用他的车子。

    5) forbid 后面可以接上 that 从句,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。

    • My father forbade that I should use (American English: that I use) his car.我父亲不许我用他的车子。
    • They forbid that the wine bottle should be (American English: that the wine bottle be) opened.他们不许把酒瓶打开。

    prohibit 则不习惯接上 that 从句。

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    更新时间:2024/10/30 10:26:06