【问】 had Peterson a more difficult journey across the snow-cappedRocky Mountains. 《当代英语应试语法》(中国科大出版社,1995,P.260)说上句中的that应改为the one,因为journey是可数名词。这岂不是说that不能替代可数名词吗? 【答】 首先应指出,the one只能替代可数名词,而that既可以替代其前的不可数名词,也可替代可数名词。 1. My seat was next to that of the mayor. (Eckersley) 我的座位就在市长座位的旁边。 2. The victim’s own blood was of a different group from that found on the floor. (CGEL) 死者的血与地板上发现的血血型不同。 由此不难看出,上面的试题之所以不能使用that并不在于其所替代的名词是可数名词。那末原因何在呢? 正象R.Quirk等所指出的,that用作替代词时,有一个限制,就是其后的定语从句不能使用零关系代词(即省略关系代词)(但those却可以后接零关系代词的定语从句): The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted inthe 1930s. (CGEL) 我们今天所面临的问题与30年代国家所面临的问题并不是不同的。 因此之故,在上面的试题里使用that是错误的。 而the one(ones)后面的定语从句却可以使用零关系代词: 1. A: I’m looking for a book on grammar. B: Is this the one [ ] you mean? (CGEL) A:我正在找一本语法书。 B:这就是你所说的那本语法书吗? 2. I wish I’d bought a few jars of honey. Did you notice the ones [ ] they were selling bythe roadside? 我想买几罐蜂蜜,你看到他们在路边卖的那些了吗? 3. My shoes are similar to the ones[ ]you had on yesterday. (URW) 我的鞋和你昨天穿的很相似。 但是,我们也发现了一个反例:在代词that之后使用零关系代词: The butter we import is less expensive than that we produce ourselves.(Leech) 我们进口的黄油比我们自己生产的黄油便宜。 这个实例似乎与R.Quirk等人的论述相矛盾。依此看来,我们所讨论的那道试题似乎 并不是很恰当的。请与下面的托福题作对比: “Do you like the book Sidney gave you?” “Very much. It's exactly_______I wanted. ” A. one which B. the one C. one what D. the what(TOEFL,79. 4) 上面的试题没有让考生在that与the one之间进行选择。