【问】 语法书上一再强调,当动词+可分离的小品词(短语动词)的宾语为代词时,可分离的小品词必须放在代词之后。可是,在句(B)中,小品词(through,on)却可以位于代词it之前,这是为什么呢? 【答】 同样一个动词+小品词结构(run through,look over,get on,see through)有时候由于具有完全不同的词汇含义,而被划入不同的语法类别:短语动词和介词动词(见call on)。当get on作“put on”(穿上)解时,是个短语动词,即小品词on是可分离的: 1. Get your coat on quickly,the taxi's waiting. (LDPV) 2. 同样,当see through作“贯彻”、“把……进行到底”解时,是个短语动词,小品词through是可分的: 1. He saw the project through. (RCD) 他把设计搞完了。 2. We are going to see the work through. (Freeman) 我们保证把这项工程全部完成。 3. Whatever happens,we'll see the struggle through. (OSD) 不管发生什么事,我们一定要把斗争进行到底。 4. Now that we've started the project,we'll have to see it through. (EI) 现在工程已经开始了,我们决心把它全部完成。 但是,当get on作“使乘上(车、船、飞机)”、“骑上(马)”解时,是个介词动词,小品词on (介词)是不可分离的: 1. Only one person at a time is allowed to get on the horse. (LDPV) 一次只准许一个人骑到马上去。 2. I'll hold your horse while you get on. (LDCE) 你上马,我来牵马。 而see through作“看透、识破”解时,是个介词动词。 1. He's a poor liar; anyone can see through him. (LDPV) 他是个很糟糕的撒谎者;谁都能看破他。 2. You don't fool me: I can see through your tricks! (LDPV) 你不要愚弄我:我能够看穿你的鬼把戏! 对于学习英语的中国人来说,弄清并记住哪个小品词是可分的,哪个小品词是不可分的,并非易事。因此,有疑惑时,可查阅Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs,那里对小品词的词性(是否可分离)均有明确的注明。有一位美国语言学家提出了另一个办法:当对于小品词是否可分没有把握时,应避免使用代词作宾语。 请做下面的英语试题: “How long did it take you to realize he was dishonest?” “I____from the start.” A. looked him through B. saw through him C. looked forward to him D. saw him through(Nelson,400C) (参见 call on him/call him up)