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词组 during
释义

■ during

during, for, in 后面都可以管辖一个时段,但是意义不同。

1) during 不能像 for 那样管辖一段有数量而无固定位置的时段(相当于几何中的直线 AB=CD,只问长短,不问在何处),也就是说,不能说 *during two years(但可以说 for two years);但可以管辖一段有固定位置(有无明言数量均可)的时段,也就是说,可以说 during that period 或 during those two years。

2) during + 固定位置时段,所形成的时间状语,可以修饰的动词,包括有:

a) 延续体动词(即第一和第二类);

b) 瞬间动词(即第四类);

c) 趋成动词(即第三类)。

如果是 1),during 表示这个延续动作或状态遍及整段期间的始终。

  • During his lifetime he was relatively unknown.他生前一直有点默默无闻。

但也可以特别说明只遍及该时段的一部分而非全部。

  • It rained during the night for two or three hours.夜里下了两三个钟头的雨。

如果是 2),则 during 表示这个瞬时动作发生在该时段当中的某一或某些时间点。

  • I woke up during the night.我夜里醒了过来。
  • He had some strange experiences during that period.他在那个时期有过一些奇特的经历。

如果是 3),则 during 表示这个趋成动词在该时段当中的某一时间点开始,后来在另一时间点最终完成,不一定用掉整个时段。

  • Several bridges were built during the same period.同一期间内修起了几座桥梁。

要注意:所谓固定位置时段,不一定是明确定指的(即带有定冠词 the 或其他限定词的),也可以是不定指但却是在历史长河中占据某一位置(不同于只有长度而没有位置的几何直线)的(所以也可以带有不定冠词,但不能光是有长度数量),例如可以说 during a recent period,但不能说 *during two years

3) during + 固定位置时段,所形成的时间状语,可以修饰一个表示“累计总数”的瞬时动词(经过句中语法“加工”,由第四类动词转变成为第三类动词),以表示在这个时段从头到尾累计到最后得出的结果。

  • Wages fell by more than twenty percent during the two months.工资在那两个月当中下降了百分之二十。
  • The number of meals served at the soup kitchen during that time went up by 6.4 percent.施舍处提供的快餐数目,在那个期间增加了百分之六点四。

4) during 后面的名词不一定要表示一个有固定位置的时段。这个名词成分往往可以是一个有或没有固定时段的行动过程。

  • It was during his visit to the Far East that he first met her.他是在访问远东期间初次见到她的。
  • I met them during my stay in China.我是在中国停留期间遇见他们的。
  • He learned a lot during his military service.他在服兵役期间学到了许多东西。
  • They have to make up for ground lost during hard times.他们要弥补艰难时节的损失。
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更新时间:2024/10/30 8:28:34